Seroprevalence and Associated Risk Factors of Ovine Brucellosis in South Omo Zone, Southern Ethiopia

Abstract

Background Brucellosis is a zoonotic disease with economic and public health significance in developing countries that rely on livestock production including Ethiopia. This study intended to establish the seroprevalence and associated risk factors of ovine brucellosis. Methods A cross-sectional study was carried out on seroepidemiology of ovine brucellosis from January 2017 to June 2020 G.C in five districts of South Omo zone, Southern Ethiopia. A total of 1536 sera samples were collected from sheep and serially tested using modified Rose Bengal plate test, competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and complement fixation test to detect antibodies against natural infection by Brucella species. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data from individual animals, and flocks for the analysis of the association between expounding and outcome variables. Data were analyzed using STATA version 14.0 and potential risk factors for seropositivity of brucellosis were analyzed using logistic regression. Results The study discovered an overall 5.40% (95% CI: 6.34, 14.25) and 39.74% (95% CI: 6.50, 6.97) seroprevalence of ovine brucellosis at individual and flock level, respectively, by a confirmatory test. Age groups, sex, flock size, district, history of abortion, and body condition were significantly associated risk factors with Brucella seropositivity (p < 0.05). Conclusion To conclude, the prevalence of ovine brucellosis in the South Omo Zone was relatively high which needs integrated intervention approaches in place to curb the spread of the disease.

Seroepidemiology and associated risk factors of brucellosis in small ruminants of district Khanewal, Pakistan

“…In the current study, greater FS (> 50 heads) of small ruminants was shown to be significantly associated with brucellosis by both univariate and multivariate analyses. Previously, Gompo et al [ 27 ] and Sorsa et al [ 28 ] also reported similar findings. This association can be attributed to increased transmission opportunities in more extensive flocks due to the closer proximity of animals.…”

Seroprevalence of zoonotic abortive diseases and their associated risk factors in Tunisian sheep

“…Regarding the history of infertility as a risk factor for the three abortive diseases, our result showed that ocks with problems of infertility had 4.1 (OR = 4.1, 95% CI = 2.1-8.2) and 2.6 (OR = 2.6, 95% CI=1.4-4.7) times higher risk for infection with brucellosis and Q fever, respectively. This is not surprising since the ewes with reproductive problems were more exposed to abortion and an association with infertility and abortive diseases was reported (Martini et al 1994, Ullah et al 2020, Sorsa M et al 2022). Control of new introduction is signi cantly associated with the seroprevalence of brucellosis and farms practicing the introduction of animals without any test are 2.05 times more likely to be infected.…”

Seroprevalence of zoonotic abortive diseases and their associated risk factors in Tunisian sheep

“…Regarding the history of infertility as a risk factor for the three abortive diseases, our result showed that flocks with problems of infertility had 4.1 (OR = 4.1, 95% CI = 2.1–8.2) and 2.6 (OR = 2.6, 95% CI = 1.4–4.7) times higher risk for infection with brucellosis and Q fever, respectively. This is not surprising since the ewes with reproductive problems were more exposed to abortion and an association with infertility and abortive diseases was reported (Martini et al [ 49 ], Ullah et al [ 50 ], Sorsa M et al [ 51 ]). Control of new introduction is significantly associated with the seroprevalence of brucellosis and farms practicing the introduction of animals without any test are 2.05 times more likely to be infected.…”