Seroprevalence and risk factors associated with Toxoplasma gondii infection in domestic rabbits and humans

Elez, Rasha M.M. Abou; Hassanen, Eman A. A.; Tolba, Hala M.N.; Elsohaby, Ibrahim

doi:10.1016/j.vprsr.2017.02.009

Cited by 11 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…The relationship between age and rabbit toxoplasmosis showed that the prevalence was higher in rabbits older than 8 months of age. This is in agreement with several previous studies [6,14]. Similar results were reported on sheep, goats and camels [42], cats [20], and dogs [43].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 94%

“…Furthermore, handling of rabbit and other animals’ raw meat increases the risk of transmission of T. gondii to humans [13]. Rabbits and humans infected with toxoplasmosis do not usually show clinical symptoms; therefore, detection of antibodies is important in epizootiology [14]. Seroprevalence of T. gondii infection is related to geographical location, being higher in tropical countries and lower in colder countries [15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Seroprevalence and risk factors of Toxoplasma gondii infection in rabbit of local Algerian population

et al. 2019

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Aim: The objective of this investigation was to determine the seroprevalence and identify the risk factors of Toxoplasma gondii infection in the rabbit of the local Algerian population from five districts of Northern Algeria. Materials and Methods: Blood samples of 350 rabbits were collected and analyzed for the presence of anti-T. gondii immunoglobulin G antibodies using the indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Additional data concerning the farms and management practices were obtained through a questionnaire used in surveys and interviews. Results: The overall seroprevalence was 14.6% (51/350). The seroprevalence was significantly higher in outdoor rearing farms and was linked to the presence of animals from other species on the farm. A higher seroprevalence was found in older animals compared to younger ones. No difference in seroprevalence was noted with respect to the origin or gender of animals, type of cage, feed and water sources, presence of cats in the vicinity, hygiene status, or season. Conclusion: This study has shown that T. gondii prevalence in rabbits of the local population is relevant and may have important implications for public health in rural areas.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 94%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seroprevalence and risk factors of Toxoplasma gondii infection in rabbit of local Algerian population

et al. 2019

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“…Prevalence of T. gondii in rabbits from different Egyptian governorates is variable and ranges from 0 to 37.5% (Hilali et al ., 1991; Ibrahim et al ., 2009; Harfoush and Tahoon, 2010; Ashmawy et al ., 2011; Abou Elez et al ., 2017). Despite some reports placing the rabbit as a major source for human infection (Almeria et al ., 2004), we think that the role of rabbits is not of such importance because 90% of rabbits in Egypt are fed commercial pellets in small farms and kept in hutches or cages, which limit the chances of oocyst ingestion.…”

Section: Toxoplasmosis In Animalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review on toxoplasmosis in humans and animals from Egypt

Abbas

Villena

2019

Parasitology

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The present paper summarizes prevalence, epidemiology and clinical disease of natural Toxoplasma gondii infections in humans and animals from Egypt. The current situation of toxoplasmosis in Egypt is confusing. There is no central laboratory or group of researchers actively investigating toxoplasmosis in humans or animals, and no reports on the national level are available. Based on various serological tests and convenience samples, T. gondii infections appear highly prevalent in humans and animals from Egypt. Living circumstances in Egypt favour the transmission of T. gondii. Up to 95% of domestic cats, the key host of T. gondii, are infected with T. gondii; they are abundant in rural and suburban areas, spreading T. gondii oocysts. Many women have been tested in maternity clinics, most with no definitive diagnosis. Toxoplasma gondii DNA and IgM antibodies have been found in blood samples of blood donors. Clinical toxoplasmosis in humans from Egypt needs further investigations using definitive procedures. Reports on congenital toxoplasmosis are conflicting and some reports are alarming. Although there are many serological surveys for T. gondii in animals, data on clinical infections are lacking. Here, we critically review the status of toxoplasmosis in Egypt, which should be useful to biologist, public health workers, veterinarians and physicians.

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“…One study, not included in the review, argued that ownership or contact with domestic felines is uncommon in Moroccan society and contact with cats is not significantly associated with T. gondii seropositivity (Ouzennou et al 2019 ). Another study researched T. gondii in rabbits and found that the presence of cats in rabbit raising areas was significantly associated (odds ratio = 3.39) with T. gondii infection in rabbits (Abou Elez et al 2017 ). Human contact with cats was not recorded in the study by Abou Elez et al ( 2017 ) and therefore any attempt to look for an association between cat presence and human infection was inconclusive.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Another study researched T. gondii in rabbits and found that the presence of cats in rabbit raising areas was significantly associated (odds ratio = 3.39) with T. gondii infection in rabbits (Abou Elez et al 2017 ). Human contact with cats was not recorded in the study by Abou Elez et al ( 2017 ) and therefore any attempt to look for an association between cat presence and human infection was inconclusive. Thus, this study was not included in the review results either.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Feline-Human Zoonosis Transmission in North Africa: A Systematic Review

Peterson

Barnes

2020

Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases

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Throughout human history, domestic animal species have represented a unique zoonotic disease risk for the transmission of pathogens ranging from viral, bacterial, parasitic, and fungal. In North Africa, cats have a particularly long record and occupy a specialized niche within many communities. This systematic review was conducted to analyze the current and historical literature documenting the breadth and variety of zoonoses in North Africa, specifically relating to the domesticated feline. Multiple electronic databases were searched on January 16, 2019, for published reports on feline zoonoses in North Africa. A total of 76 studies met the inclusion criteria for a full assessment. Articles selected for the review ranged in publication dates from 1939 to 2019 and included a case study, cross-sectional surveys, genomic analyses, and a book chapter. The most commonly studied pathogen was Toxoplasma gondii (n = 17) followed by a variety of helminths (n = 10). Of the countries in the target region, most publications were of studies conducted in Egypt (n = 53) followed by Tunisia (n = 12), Algeria (n = 11), Morocco (n = 5), and Libya (n = 3). The results of this review identify a variety of viral, bacterial, fungal, and parasitic zoonotic diseases associated with cats in North Africa, ranging from historically endemic diseases in both human and animal populations in the region, to emerging infections with recent confirmatory diagnoses. This review describes reported feline zoonoses in North Africa and provides recommendations for their prevention and control. In addition to vaccination campaigns for domesticated felines and postexposure prophylaxis for humans, prompt veterinary and medical care of exposure risks and subsequent infections are essential in limiting the zoonotic disease burden in North African communities of humans and cats.

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Seroprevalence and risk factors associated with Toxoplasma gondii infection in domestic rabbits and humans

Cited by 11 publications

References 32 publications

Seroprevalence and risk factors of Toxoplasma gondii infection in rabbit of local Algerian population

Seroprevalence and risk factors of Toxoplasma gondii infection in rabbit of local Algerian population

A review on toxoplasmosis in humans and animals from Egypt

Feline-Human Zoonosis Transmission in North Africa: A Systematic Review

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