Seroprevalence and risk factors of Chlamydia abortus infection in free-ranging white yaks in China

Qin, Siyuan; Huang, Si-Yang; Yin, Ming-Yang; Tan, Qi-Dong; Liu, Guang-Xue; Zhou, Dong‐Hui; Zhu, Xing‐Quan; Zhou, Jizhang; Ai-dong, Qian

doi:10.1186/s12917-015-0323-y

Cited by 19 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…A number of health measures, including foot and joint pathologies [10, 21, 25, 33–35], the presence of wounds and skin lesions [22, 23, 36], and discrete assessments by body region [24], have been used as indicators of elephant well-being under human care, but until now, no studies have assessed the total number of active clinical events during a specific period of time as a potential welfare indicator. Rather than using discrete health assessments [23, 24], surveys sent to veterinarians [25, 37], or a review of causes of morbidity and mortality [21], we created variables based on the total number of clinical events recorded within the 12-month study period of the EWP. Analyses of over 1100 clinical events in 220 elephants revealed that certain pathologies (e.g., gastrointestinal issues, skin lesions, lameness/stiffness, and foot pathologies) varied by species, sex, and age.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Excessive weight and lack of exercise may also contribute to some of these problems [21]. Other conditions, such as foot and joint health [10], injuries [22], and skin lesions [23], could be directly related to extrinsic conditions; and the ability of an individuals’ immune system to combat disease is central to etiopathogenesis. Understanding how different aspects of the captive environment impact health status would be beneficial to overall well-being, and may also aid in our understanding of susceptibility to disease.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Past studies assessing elephant welfare have incorporated health indicators, but have used either discrete assessments of current health status [23, 24], surveys [25], or a review of causes of mortality [21], as opposed to incorporating the total number of active clinical events during a specific study period. The latter approach has, however, been utilized in other species, such as during welfare assessments of laboratory mice [26] and rhesus macaques [27], as well as disease burden in association with stress physiology in captive cheetahs [28], and could be useful in our understanding of how factors impact elephant well-being.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Relationships between housing and management factors and clinical health events in elephants in North American zoos

et al. 2019

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Elephants experience a number of health issues that can contribute to their well-being and survival. In managed populations, housing conditions and management practices can influence individual health, so potential risk factors associated with morbidity or mortality should be identified to ensure the best possible standards of care. The goal of this study was to determine if the number of clinical events experienced could be a useful welfare indicator in zoo elephants, and to determine factors associated with key pathologies. We used an epidemiological approach to investigate how intrinsic (species, sex, age) and extrinsic (housing, management) factors were associated with both the total number of clinical events, and each of the four most prevalent pathology types (gastrointestinal issues, skin lesions, lameness, foot lesions), over a 12-month period. The study included 220 (127 African; 93 Asian) elephants housed at 61 facilities across North America. More than 1100 clinical events were identified. Species and sex differences were apparent in the types of pathology encountered, and unsurprisingly, the number of clinical events was positively correlated with age. Factors relating to housing (percent time with indoor/outdoor choice, space experience inside, number of unique environments an elephant was housed in, percent time on soft substrate) and management (enrichment diversity, spread of feeding opportunities) were also related to the number of clinical events. However, relationships were often counter to our initial hypotheses, highlighting caution in assuming cause and effect from correlational analyses such as these. Other welfare indicators such as serum and fecal glucocorticoids and serum prolactin were also associated with health status, being higher or more variable in individuals with a greater number of events. This approach provides insight into housing and management factors related to the health of these species in zoos, and in some cases, may reflect management changes that have already been made to mitigate existing or anticipated health concerns.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Relationships between housing and management factors and clinical health events in elephants in North American zoos

et al. 2019

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“…In China, the PCR-RFLP method was developed and used only to identify Chlamydia species isolated from animals ( 11 ), while recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) was used to identify C. abortus ( 98 ). However, IHA is considered as a simple, safe, and reliable means of testing C. abortus antibodies, and has been employed in previous serological investigations ( 79, 99 ).…”

Section: Diagnostic Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence, Diagnosis, and Vaccination Situation of Animal Chlamydiosis in China

Zhou

Lou

et al. 2018

Front. Vet. Sci.

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Since the first case of Chlamydia infection in duck had been reported in 1956 and the first case from domestic animal had been reported in 1979 in China, the chlamydia prevalence in China was heavily according to the published data. The Chlamydia in avian prevalence has been reported at least 11 provinces, Chlamydia in sheep and goats at least 11 provinces, in swine at least 15 provinces, in cows at least 13 provinces and in yaks at least 5 provinces with result of IHA detection. Different diagnostic method such as CFT, ELISA and ABC-ELISA (avidin-biotin-complex ELISA) had been established besides IHA. The inactivated vaccines have been developed with isolated strains from sheep, goats, swine and cows. These inactivated vaccines have been used since 1980s and Chlamydia prevalence in China has been successfully controlled in domestic animal. However, the inactivated vaccines of Chlamydia isolated from avian species have not been successful, although a series of experimental vaccine have been done. Due to the unsustainable eradication plan of Chlamydia in China, sporadic outbreak in animal would happen if the vaccinations were suspended and economy lose in some farmers. Although Chlamydia prevalence in China has a long history, however, almost all published studies are in Chinese, which, in some degree, blocked scientists in other countries to understand the prevalence situation and control measures of Chlamydia in China.

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“…Chlamydia abortus is the causative agent of abortion and foetal loss in cattle in arctic-alpine areas in China and other countries (Merdja et al 2015;Qin et al 2015). Additionally, C. abortus has also been reported as a zoonotic pathogen because it can also result in abortion in humans (Psarrakos et al 2011;Campos-Hernández et al 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Herd-level prevalence and associated risk factors for Toxoplasma gondii, Neospora caninum, Chlamydia abortus and bovine viral diarrhoea virus in commercial dairy and beef cattle in eastern, northern and northeastern China

et al. 2015

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Although the seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii, Neospora caninum, Chlamydia abortus and bovine viral diarrhea virus infection in cattle have been reported in some areas in China, most of them were conducted with small number of cattle samples and very limited districts and neglected the assessment of herd management factors associated with herd-level prevalence of these pathogen infections. Thus, from September 2013 to December 2014, a large-scale seroprevalence study was conducted to determine the animal-level and herd-level seroprevalence and identify herd-level risk factors associated with these pathogen infections in 4487 cattle from 134 herds in five provinces (Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Shandong, Hebei) and Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region of China. At animal level, the true prevalence of antibodies against T. gondii, N. caninum, C. abortus and bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV) was 10.48, 17.14, 11.92 and 50.10%, respectively. At herd level, the true prevalence of antibodies against T. gondii, N. caninum, C. abortus and BVDV was 27.16, 29.10, 37.31 and 40.30%, respectively. Multivariate analysis of these characteristics showed that source of water and presence of felids were significantly associated with T. gondii infection in the studied cattle herds. Source of water was significantly associated with N. caninum infection in the studied cattle herds. While herd size and management system were significantly associated with BVDV infection in the studied cattle herds, this is the first report of herd-level prevalence and associated risk factors of T. gondii, N. caninum, C. abortus and BVDV infection in cattle in China.

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Seroprevalence and risk factors of Chlamydia abortus infection in free-ranging white yaks in China

Cited by 19 publications

References 22 publications

Relationships between housing and management factors and clinical health events in elephants in North American zoos

Relationships between housing and management factors and clinical health events in elephants in North American zoos

Prevalence, Diagnosis, and Vaccination Situation of Animal Chlamydiosis in China

Herd-level prevalence and associated risk factors for Toxoplasma gondii, Neospora caninum, Chlamydia abortus and bovine viral diarrhoea virus in commercial dairy and beef cattle in eastern, northern and northeastern China

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