Seroprevalence and risk factors of brucellosis and the brucellosis model at the individual level of dairy cattle in the West Bandung District, Indonesia

Abstract

Background and Aim: Brucellosis is a zoonotic bacterial infectious disease. West Bandung is a center for dairy farming in West Java Province District and endemic for brucellosis. The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence, the associated risk factors, and the brucellosis model at the individual level of dairy cattle in the West Bandung District. Materials and Methods: The research was conducted through a cross-sectional study. The samples were collected from the serum blood of dairy cattle. Data obtained from the questionnaire were used to investigate risk factors. Multistage random sampling was applied as the sampling technique; therefore, a sample size of 540 cows was selected. The number of farms and cattle on each farm was calculated using a variant effect design of the farm as well as 108 farms was selected with five cattle samples per farm. The results in regard of the research sample acquisition in the West Bandung District included 588 dairy cows from 116 farms, exceeds the number of samples calculated (540 dairy cows and 108 farms). The rose Bengal test (RBT) and the complement fixation test (CFT) were performed for brucellosis testing. Data associated with brucellosis cases at the individual level of the dairy cattle were analyzed using descriptive statistics univariate, bivariate with Chi-square, and odds ratio (OR). Moreover, multivariate logistic regression was used for the analysis during modeling. Results: The results showed that the prevalence of brucellosis at the individual level in the West Bandung District was 5.10%. Risk factors associated with brucellosis in cattle included the history of abortion (p=0.000; OR=9.9), the history of placental retention (p=0.000; OR=6.6), the history of endometritis (p=0.000; OR=5.5), the history of stillbirth (p=0.043; OR=3.0), the history of pregnancy abortion age at 7-8 months (p=0.000; OR=15.2), and the history of pregnancy abortion at the age of 4-6 months (p=0.007; OR=3.8). The model of brucellosis in dairy cows was the following: = –3.2843+3.41033 the history of pregnancy abortion at the age of 7-8 months +2.54503 the history of pregnancy abortion at the age of 4-6 months +1.86185 age of cattle >2 years – 1.0469 Calving interval 12 months. The model showed the factors that were associated with brucellosis at the individual level of dairy cattle included the history of pregnancy abortion at the age of 7-8 months (β=+3.41033; OR=30.3), the history of pregnancy abortion at the age of 4-6 months (β=+2.54503; OR=12.7); age of cattle >2 years (β=+1.86185; OR=1.2), and Calving interval ≤12 months (β=–1.04691; OR=0.34). Conclusion: The results of this research showed that the prevalence of brucellosis at the individual level of dairy cattle in the West Bandung district was 5.10%. The risk factors could contribute to the increase of the brucellosis cases, that is, the history of pregnancy abortion at the age of 7-8, the history of pregnancy abortion at the age of 4-6 months, and the age of cattle >2 years. The risk factors can be decreased in the brucellosis cases, that is, calving intervals ≤12 months.

The Status and Risk Factors of Brucellosis in Smallholder Dairy Cattle in Selected Regions of Tanzania

“…This study found that a history of abortion was significantly associated with brucellosis seropositivity and that dairy cattle kept in a herd with a history of abortion were more likely to be brucellosis seropositive as compared with those in herds with no history of abortion (OR 4.91, 95% CI 1.43–16.9). These findings were in agreement with the findings of other studies in dairy cattle [ 11 , 41 , 42 ]. Farmers should be encouraged to report abortions in dairy cattle to the livestock officials for closer monitoring of the disease and implementation of control measures.…”

“…Bovine brucellosis causes nonspecific signs such as abortion during the last trimester, retained placenta, reduced milk production, orchitis, epididymitis, and rarely, arthritis [ 4 , 8 , 9 ]. A number of predisposing factors have been associated with brucellosis seropositivity such as older age of animal, history of abortion, large herd size, access to surface water, location, and contact with other animals [ 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 ].…”

Estimates of the Economic Cost Caused by Five Major Reproductive Problems in Dairy Animals in Assam and Bihar, India

“…The different timing of abortion may be due to differing etiologies. Kamrup (Metropolitan) district of Assam, for example, has been reported to have a high prevalence of brucellosis [ 15 , 29 , 30 ], and studies suggest that dairy animals that suffer from brucellosis generally abort in third trimester [ 10 , 41 , 42 ].…”

Dairy farmers' knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding the brucellosis surveillance and control program in Bogor, Indonesia

“…However, the roadmap has not been implemented optimally, so some areas still report the prevalence of brucellosis in the high category (>2%). According to Balai Veteriner Subang [ 9 ], the prevalence of brucellosis was 3.6% in West Java, 5.10% in West Bandung District [ 10 ], and 15.77% in Bandung District [ 11 ]. As a result, efforts must be made to optimize the implementation of the brucellosis eradication roadmap.…”