This study aims to calculate the estimated economic losses in national poultry farming in Indonesia that are infected with pathogenic Escherichia coli. Poor management of chicken preservation is a major predisposing factor. Escherichia coli is a normal flora found in the gastrointestinal tract of chicken, but when the chicken stress or decrease immune system, Escherichia coli develops into a pathogenic agent. Pathogenic Escherichia coli appears as secondary infections that aggravate other disease infection. Cost of illness approach was divided into two main categories namely direct losses from disease and indirect losses from other related costs. Direct losses in broiler farms that were infected with pathogenic Escherichia coli through calculation of weight loss of harvest and total mortality, while in layer farms that were infected with pathogenic Escherichia coli, direct loss calculations included decreased chicken egg production and total mortality. Indirect losses on broiler and layer farms included calculation of other expenditure costs at the time of the occurrence of pathogenic Escherichia coli infections such as cleaning, disinfection and labor compensation costs. Based on the total calculation results obtained that the estimated economic losses incurred on national scale broiler farms reached IDR 14,167,792,041,150, - per harvest period of broiler, while estimated total loss of layer farms on national scale based on the calculation results reached IDR 13,391,996,617,850, - per month. The overall total loss due to this colibacillosis reached 13.10% of total poultry assets in Indonesia. The large proportion of losses incurred to total livestock assets can indicate how important the disease is to be controlled or overcome.

ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk menghitung kelayakan usaha ternak kambing menurut sistem pemeliharaan , bangsa ternak, dan elevasi. Lokasi penelitian dilakukan di 4 kabupaten Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta. Sampel peternak diambil secara purposive berdasar pertimbangan sistem pemeliharaan yaitu kelompok ternak, bangsa ternak yang dipelihara yaitu Kambing Kacang, Bligon, dan Peranakan Etawah pada elevasi rendah (100 m dpl), elevasi sedang (100-500 m dpl) dan elevasi tinggi (>500 m dpl). Analisis sosial ekonomi yaitu menghitung titik impas (Break Even Point), B/C Ratio, dan Net Present Value (NPV) pendapatan peternak dalam bentuk tabel. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan secara ekonomi Kambing PE memberikan pendapatan tertinggi dibandingkan bangsa ternak yang lain. Berdasar perhitungan titik impas dapat diketahui bahwa usaha ternak kambing memperoleh keuntungan jika peternak mempunyai minimum 2-3 ekor induk dengan asumsi usaha ternak sesuai dengan manajemen pemeliharaan yang intensif. Secara keseluruhan nilai B/C Ratio lebih besar dari 1 dan NPV positif berarti usaha ternak kambing layak diusahakan karena dapat mengembalikan atau melebihi social opportunity cost faktor produksi modal yang dipergunakan. Rekomendasi awal perlu dikembangkan Kambing Kacang karena merupakan plasma nutfah ternak asli dan mempunyai peluang ekspor yang tinggi.Kata kunci : kelayakan usaha, sistem pemeliharaan ternak, bangsa ternak, elevasi Evaluation of the Feasibility Study of Goat Farmer Based on Keeping System, Livestock Breed and Elevation in Yogyakarta ABSTRACT

Background and Aim: Brucellosis is a zoonotic bacterial infectious disease. West Bandung is a center for dairy farming in West Java Province District and endemic for brucellosis. The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence, the associated risk factors, and the brucellosis model at the individual level of dairy cattle in the West Bandung District. Materials and Methods: The research was conducted through a cross-sectional study. The samples were collected from the serum blood of dairy cattle. Data obtained from the questionnaire were used to investigate risk factors. Multistage random sampling was applied as the sampling technique; therefore, a sample size of 540 cows was selected. The number of farms and cattle on each farm was calculated using a variant effect design of the farm as well as 108 farms was selected with five cattle samples per farm. The results in regard of the research sample acquisition in the West Bandung District included 588 dairy cows from 116 farms, exceeds the number of samples calculated (540 dairy cows and 108 farms). The rose Bengal test (RBT) and the complement fixation test (CFT) were performed for brucellosis testing. Data associated with brucellosis cases at the individual level of the dairy cattle were analyzed using descriptive statistics univariate, bivariate with Chi-square, and odds ratio (OR). Moreover, multivariate logistic regression was used for the analysis during modeling. Results: The results showed that the prevalence of brucellosis at the individual level in the West Bandung District was 5.10%. Risk factors associated with brucellosis in cattle included the history of abortion (p=0.000; OR=9.9), the history of placental retention (p=0.000; OR=6.6), the history of endometritis (p=0.000; OR=5.5), the history of stillbirth (p=0.043; OR=3.0), the history of pregnancy abortion age at 7-8 months (p=0.000; OR=15.2), and the history of pregnancy abortion at the age of 4-6 months (p=0.007; OR=3.8). The model of brucellosis in dairy cows was the following: = –3.2843+3.41033 the history of pregnancy abortion at the age of 7-8 months +2.54503 the history of pregnancy abortion at the age of 4-6 months +1.86185 age of cattle >2 years – 1.0469 Calving interval 12 months. The model showed the factors that were associated with brucellosis at the individual level of dairy cattle included the history of pregnancy abortion at the age of 7-8 months (β=+3.41033; OR=30.3), the history of pregnancy abortion at the age of 4-6 months (β=+2.54503; OR=12.7); age of cattle >2 years (β=+1.86185; OR=1.2), and Calving interval ≤12 months (β=–1.04691; OR=0.34). Conclusion: The results of this research showed that the prevalence of brucellosis at the individual level of dairy cattle in the West Bandung district was 5.10%. The risk factors could contribute to the increase of the brucellosis cases, that is, the history of pregnancy abortion at the age of 7-8, the history of pregnancy abortion at the age of 4-6 months, and the age of cattle >2 years. The risk factors can be decreased in the brucellosis cases, that is, calving intervals ≤12 months.

INTISARIPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi saluran pemasaran, menghitung margin pemasaran, berat taksir dan berat timbang ternak, gross margin peternak, pedagang desa, pedagang besar dan jagal serta menentukan kebijakan strategi pemasaran. Lokasi penelitian dipilih secara purposive sampling di tiga Kecamatan yaitu Lempuing, Lempuing Jaya dan Mesuji Raya, Kabupaten Ogan Komering Ilir. Penelitian dilaksanakan bulan Juli sampai dengan Agustus 2011. Responden adalah peternak sebanyak 60 orang, pedagang desa 15 orang, pedagang besar dan jagal masingmasing 5 orang. Obyek penimbangan adalah ternak sapi yang dijual di tingkat peternak, pedagang desa, pedagang besar masing-masing 60 ekor (30 jantan dan 30 betina) dan jagal 30 ekor jantan. Metode yang digunakan adalah survei dengan pengamatan langsung dan wawancara kepada responden. Analisis deskriptif untuk margin pemasaran dan analisis kuantitatif untuk membandingkan berat taksir dengan berat timbang ternak dengan uji t. Selanjutnya membandingkan gross margin peternak, pedagang desa, pedagang besar dan jagal menggunakan one way ANOVA yang dilanjutkan dengan Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT). Hasil penelitian diperoleh ada 3 saluran pemasaran, saluran I dari peternak ke jagal melalui 2 pedagang yaitu pedagang desa dan pedagang besar, saluran II dari peternak ke jagal melalui 1 pedagang yaitu pedagang desa dan saluran III dari peternak langsung ke jagal. Margin pemasaran saluran I Rp2.562.835,00/ekor, saluran II Rp930.979,00/ekor dan saluran III Rp0,00/ekor. Tidak ada perbedaan nyata antara berat taksir sapi yang dipasarkan dan berat timbang. Terdapat perbedaan gross margin yang nyata (P<0,05) antara peternak (Rp873.833,00 a /ekor) dengan pedagang desa (Rp1.783.213,00 b /ekor) dan jagal (Rp3.256.898,00 c /ekor), sedangkan dengan pedagang besar (Rp326.736,00 a /ekor) tidak berbeda. Kebijakan strategi pemasaran untuk meningkatkan gross margin peternak melalui kebijakan saluran pemasaran yaitu memilih saluran yang paling menguntungkan peternak, kebijakan harga yaitu menentukan standar harga jual ternak dan kebijakan gross margin yaitu memberikan harga input dan output yang menguntungan peternak. ABSTRACT This research was aimed to identify the marketing channels

ABSTRAKTujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menentukan faktor sosial ekonomi yang mempengaruhi konsumsi susu dan kecenderungan mengkonsumsi susu secara rutin pada rumahtangga yang mempunyai anak usia pertumbuhan di Propinsi Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta. Responden diambil secara purposif dari rumahtangga perkotaan dan perdesaan, masing-masing 122 rumahtangga perkotaan dan 102 rumahtangga perdesaan. Pengambilan data dengan metode survei menggunakan kuesioner yang disampaikan kepada responden. Analisis data secara kuantitatip menggunakan regresi berganda model log linear dan regresi binomial logistic. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa harga susu dan pendidikan ibu sangat signifikan menentukan pengeluaran untuk konsumsi susu dalam rumahtangga. Secara individual, pendapatan tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap pengeluaran konsumsi susu, namun berdasarkan lokasi, kelompok masyarakat perkotaan dengan pendidikan ibu dan pendapatan rumah tangga yang lebih tinggi berbeda secara signifikan dibanding kelompok masyarakat perdesaan. Jumlah anak usia < 12 tahun secara signifikan mempunyai kecenderungan untuk mengkonsumsi susu secara rutin. Program peningkatan konsumsi susu untuk anak usia pertumbuhan seharusnya difokuskan pada peningkatan pengetahuan ibu-ibu pada kelompok masyarakat golongan pendapatan rendah terutama di perdesaan disertai dengan ketrampilan khusus agar memperoleh kesempatan kerja untuk mendapatkan tambahan pendapatan tunai. Kata kunci : perilaku konsumsi susu, rumahtangga,anak-anak, perkotaan dan perdesaan ABSTRACTThe objectives of this study were to determine socio-economic factors that influence milk consumption and propensity to routine milk consuming in a household that have children in growing age in both urban and rural area of Yogyakarta Special Province. Numbers of respondent were 122 households in urban area and 102 in rural area. Survey method was used to collect data using questionnaires presented to respondents. The data were analyzed quantitatively using a log linear multiple regression and binomial logistic regression models. Results of the research showed that milk price and mother's education background were highly significant factors in determining the milk consumption expenditure. Individually, the income was not significant factor. Furthermore, urban household group with higher mother's education and household income were different significantly with the rural one. A number of children who were less than 12 years old had significantly greater propensity to consume milk routinely. The program to increase milk consumption for children in growing age should be focused on improving the knowledge of mothers in low income communities especially in rural areas accompanied with required skills to get employment opportunities and extra cash income.