Seroprevalence, isolation, molecular detection and genetic diversity of Toxoplasma gondii from small ruminants in Egypt

Abstract

Toxoplasmosis is an infectious zoonotic disease caused by protozoan Toxoplasma gondii. Detection of T. gondii infection with touchy and particular strategies is a key advance to control and prevent toxoplasmosis. Genotyping can explain the virulence, epidemiology and setting up new methodologies for diagnosis and control in human and animals. The point of this study was to assess the seroprevalence of T. gondii in sheep and goat in Egypt and to comprehend the genetic variety of T. gondii isolates circling in Egypt. Blood samples were gathered from 113 ewes and 95 she-goats from three Egyptian governorates (Cairo, Giza and Al-Sharkia). Also blood and tissue samples were gathered from 193 sheep and 51 goats from Cairo and Giza abattoirs. All samples were assayed serologically utilizing ELISA and OnSite Toxo IgG/IgM Rapid test cassettes (OTRT) tests and the tissue samples of the seropositive animals were digested and microscopically examined then bio-assayed in mice as viability test. All the T. gondii isolates undergo molecular identification using PCR and genotyped utilizing nPCR/RFLP analysis of SAG2 gene. The total seropositivity of live sheep and goat was 47.15 and 39.2% utilizing ELISA and OTRT respectively. Concerning abattoirs, seropositivity, positive microscopic examination, mice viability from sheep samples were 47.1%, 37.3% and 44.1% respectively while that of goats were 45.5%, 33.3% and 48.6% respectively. Eighteen T. gondii isolates were affirmed utilizing PCR. Genotyping confirmed 10 isolates (55.5%) as type II, 6 (33.3%) as type III and 2 (11.1%) as atypical genotypes. Type II and III are the genotypes mostly circling among small ruminants in Egypt and this is most significance for the public health in Egypt.

Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum in Small Ruminants in Luxor, Egypt

“…Our results were relatively higher than those reported in different areas in Egypt 28.1% at Cairo by ELISA(Abd El-Razik et al, 2018;Abbas et al, 2019), and 32.0%(El- Gawady et al, 2018). Our result was lower than another finding in Egypt as in Dakahlia 50.6%(Younis et al, 2015), 59.0% and 54.0% (Al-Kappany et al, 2018) by using ELISA and IFA, respectively and 43.0% documented at Cairo, Giza, Kalubyia using ELISA(El-Fadaly et al, 2017).…”

Seroprevalence and risk assessment of Toxoplasma gondii infection in sheep and goats in North and Beqaa governorates of Lebanon

“…In addition, our results are consistent with other reports in Pakistan and Spain, where the seropositivity rates of T. gondii in the examined ruminants were 42.80% (107/250) and 42.5% (826/1943), respectively [21,22]. Moreover, a study conducted in Egypt has shown a similar seroprevalence of T. gondii in sheep and goats, with infectivity levels of 46.6% (97/208) and 52.4% (109/208), respectively [23].…”

Molecular Detection and Genetic Diversity of Toxoplasma gondii Oocysts in Cat Faeces from Klang Valley, Malaysia, Using B1 and REP Genes in 2018

“…To the author’s knowledge, this is the first report of T. gondii oocysts detected directly from cat faeces in Malaysia using both copro-microscopy and copro-PCR techniques. The previous studies conducted in Malaysia on T. gondii in the last decade (2008 to 2018) were mainly serological tests for detection of the presence of antibodies in the blood of humans or animals [ 4 , 5 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 ]. Others searched for new innovative diagnostic approaches and vaccine development for T. gondii [ 44 , 45 , 46 , 47 , 48 ], and characterization of T. gondii genotype studies on free-range ducks and wild boars [ 49 , 50 ].…”