Seroprevalence of and risk factors for leptospirosis in the City of Manaus, State of Amazonas, Brazil

Silva, Luciete Almeida; Lima, Kátia Maria da Silva; Fernandes, Ormezinda Celeste Cristo; Balassiano, Ilana Teruszkin; Avelar, Kátia Eliane Santos; Jesus, Michele Silva de

doi:10.1590/0037-8682-0115-2016

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…A higher incidence in males of leptospirosis was also reported in Italy (14), Denmark (15) Korea (16), Fiji (17), Netherlands (18) and Japan (19). Furthermore, these results accord with studies performed in Brazil (11,20). It has also been described that a significant predominance of males with severe infections and a high prevalence of pulmonary manifestations (21).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 75%

Incidence analysis of human leptospirosis in Brazil

Silveira

Hartwig

McBride³

2020

VITTALLE, ISSN 1413-3563, Rio Grande, Brasil

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Leptospirosis is a neglected infectious disease that affects humans and animals with a higher incidence in the tropics and subtropics. In that context, the aim of this study was to describe the temporal distribution of the epidemiology and sociodemographic factors of human leptospirosis in Brazil. The analysis conducted in this study was based to age, gender, area, schooling, region and skin colour reported by Ministry of Health from National Disease Notification System (SINAN) and National Survey of Household Samples (PNAD) database of Brazil, during the period 2007 to 2014. A total of 22,889 cases were reported, the majority of which were registered in male and urban area, more than 70% and 80%, respectively. The greatest number of cases occur in patients with age group between 20-39 years. However, there was a significant increase in children between 0 and 9 (p = 2.8×10-7), 10 e 14 (p = 0.015) e 70 e 79 (p = 0.021) years old. The North region highlighted in relation to the other regions of the country, with a significant increase (p = 2.4×10-11) in the number of cases. An epidemiological surveillance of leptospirosis is important in Brazil once the incidence of disease is increasing in children and the elderly. We also show are essential efforts between medical and governmental institutions to improve the quality of data. Understand the disease trends can be providing insights into the prevention and control of leptospirosis in Brazil and others development countries. Análise da incidência de leptospirose humana no Brasil RESUMO Leptospirose é uma doença infecciosa negligenciada, que afeta humanos e animais com maior incidência nos países tropicais e subtropicais. Nesse contexto, o objetivo deste estudo foi descrever a tendência de análise temporal e fatores sociodemográficos da leptospirose em humana no Brasil. A análise realizada neste estudo foi baseada na idade, sexo, área, escolaridade, região e cor da pele. Os dados obtidos do Sistema Nacional de Notificação de Doenças (SINAN) organizado pelo Ministério da Saúde e do banco de dados da Pesquisa Nacional de Amostras de Domicílios (PNAD) do Brasil, durante no período de 2007 a 2014. Foram relatados 22.889 casos, sendo a maioria destes registrados em homens e em área urbana, mais de 70% e mais de 80% dos casos, respectivamente. O maior número de casos ocorreu em pacientes com faixa etária entre 20 e 39 anos. No entanto, houve um aumento significativo em crianças com idade entre 0 e 9 (p = 2.8×10 7), 10 e 14 (p = 0.015) e 70 e 79 (p = 0.021) anos. A região Norte se destacou em relação as demais regiões do país, com um aumento significativo dos casos (p = 2.4×10-11). A vigilância epidemiológica da leptospirose no Brasil é importante, uma vez que a incidência da doença está aumentando em crianças e idosos. Também mostramos que são necessários esforços essenciais entre instituições médicas e governamentais para melhorar a qualidade dos dados. A análise de tendência temporal da doença pode fornecer informações sobre a prevenção e controle da leptospirose no Brasi...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 75%

Incidence analysis of human leptospirosis in Brazil

Silveira

Hartwig

McBride³

2020

VITTALLE, ISSN 1413-3563, Rio Grande, Brasil

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“…Similar studies have been performed in Brazilian states close to French Guiana, namely, Amazonas and Para, that showed heterogeneous results and a high number of serogroups. 19,20 The most common reservoir for Leptospira is Rattus norvegicus. 15 In our study, when the information was available (N = 20), a contact with rodents was reported in 65% but because of the retrospective design of the study, the exposure rate remains uncertain.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This apparent lack of concern could be caused by the presence of other endemic diseases such as malaria, Q fever, Amazonian toxoplasmosis, or dengue fever. 1,20,27,30 Thus, patients with mild form of the disease could be overlooked, leading to an underestimated burden of leptospirosis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiology of Human Leptospirosis in French Guiana (2007–2014): A Retrospective Study

Turnier

Mosnier

Schaub

et al. 2018

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Leptospirosis is a worldwide zoonotic bacterial infection with a rising incidence. French Guiana is mostly covered by Amazonian rain forest. Despite a potentially favorable environment, leptospirosis has been barely studied in French Guiana. The objective of this study was to describe the current trends of leptospirosis epidemiology in French Guiana. A cross-sectional study was performed in the two main hospitals of French Guiana. Cases of leptospirosis from 2007 to 2014 were retrospectively identified with a systematic screening of serological and polymerase chain reaction results to classify them as confirmed, probable, or excluded cases. Medical files were reviewed to collect epidemiological data. Among the 72 included patients, 55 (76.4%) cases were confirmed and 17 (23.6%) were probable. The median age was 39 years (range: 16-82 years) and the M/F sex ratio 6.2. Sixty-two (86.1%) patients required hospitalization, including 12 (16.7%) in the intensive care unit. Three (4.2%) patients died. The monthly distribution of cases was correlated with rainfall ( = 0.004) and moisture ( = 0.038). Professional exposure was frequently identified (especially gold mining and construction). Among 16 different serogroups identified by microagglutination test, Icterohaemorrhagiae was the most frequent (38.0%). This study revealed an epidemiology close to that observed in Brazilian regions, and professional and climatic risk factors. The high diversity of serogroups may reveal a complex environmental reservoir requiring further investigations. Only 20% of leptospirosis patients were suspected as such on hospital admission, thus emphasizing the need to inform local physicians.

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“…This pattern of human leptospirosis infection has mostly motivated studies either toward retrospectively confirmed cases (11)(12)(13)(14) or socially vulnerable communities (7,(15)(16)(17). Although providing crucial information on leptospirosis infection and clinical onset, such contributions may not be epidemiologically extrapolated to other endemic regions located in the more prosperous urban areas of some developing countries (18).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial and Simultaneous Seroprevalence of Anti-Leptospira Antibodies in Owners and Their Domiciled Dogs in a Major City of Southern Brazil

et al. 2021

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Although leptospirosis has been considered a major concern in urban areas, no study to date has spatially and simultaneously compared both owner and dog serology in households of major cities. Accordingly, the aim of the present study was to assess the seroprevalence of Leptospira antibodies, evaluate associated risk factors and conduct spatial analyses in 565 randomly selected households, which included 597 dog owners and 729 dogs in Londrina, Southern Brazil. Seropositivity by MAT were detected in in 11/597 (1.84%) owners and in 155/729 (21.26%) dogs. The risk factors were evaluated with logistic regression analysis and spatial factors and case distribution were evaluated with kernel density analyses. The sera of 14/155 (9.03%) dogs reacted for more than one serovar with the same titer. Canicola was the most frequent serogroup, detected in 3/11 (27.27%) owners and 76/155 (49.03%) dogs. The highest titer among the owners was 1:3,200 and was detected in the same household with a titer of 1:800 in the dog. Simultaneous owner-dog seropositivity was found in 7/565 (1.23%) households, with three reacted against serogroup Canicola. Positive owners were detected in 4/565 (0.70%) households and positive dogs were detected in 141/565 (24.95%) households. The associated risks of infection for dogs were different from those associated with infection in owners. Risk analyses for Canicola also identified specific factors of infection. Regardless of owner and dog cases were not statistically clustered, the kernel map has shown dog positivity occurrence in the same hot locations and near positive owners. The dependent variable analysis and logit model suggested a greater likelihood of peri-domiciliary contact with Leptospira. In conclusion, exposure to Leptospira infection was significantly higher in dogs than in their owners and human cases spatially overlapped dog cases, implicating dogs as potential environmental sentinels for this disease. In addition, the associated risk may vary according to serogroup, and the observed simultaneous Canicola seropositivity of owner and dog has suggested intradomicile-transmitted infection.

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Seroprevalence of and risk factors for leptospirosis in the City of Manaus, State of Amazonas, Brazil

Cited by 6 publications

References 10 publications

Incidence analysis of human leptospirosis in Brazil

Incidence analysis of human leptospirosis in Brazil

Epidemiology of Human Leptospirosis in French Guiana (2007–2014): A Retrospective Study

Spatial and Simultaneous Seroprevalence of Anti-Leptospira Antibodies in Owners and Their Domiciled Dogs in a Major City of Southern Brazil

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