Seroprevalence of anti–SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies in Kenyan blood donors

Uyoga, Sophie; Adetifa, Ifedayo; Karanja, Henry; Nyagwange, James; Tuju, James; Wanjiku, Perpetual; Aman, Rashid; Mwangangi, Mercy; Amoth, Patrick; Kasera, Kadondi; Ng’ang’a, Wangari; Rombo, Charles; Yegon, Christine; Kithi, Khamisi; Odhiambo, Elizabeth; Rotich, Thomas; Orgut, Irene; Kihara, Sammy; Otiende, Mark; Bottomley, Christian; Mupe, Zonia N.; Kagucia, E. Wangeci; Gallagher, Katherine E.; Etyang, Anthony; Voller, Shirine; Gitonga, John N.; Mugo, Daisy; Agoti, Charles N.; Otieno, Edward; Ndwiga, Leonard; Lambe, Teresa; Wright, Daniel; Barasa, Edwine; Tsofa, Benjamin; Bejon, Philip; Ochola‐Oyier, Lynette Isabella; Agweyu, Ambrose; Scott, John A.; Warimwe, George M.

doi:10.1126/science.abe1916

Cited by 275 publications

(233 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…A Spanish seroprevalence survey found an overall seroprevalence of only 4.7%-5% in May of 2020, which increased to 14.4% in the more densely populated central provinces [9]. A recent survey of 3098 Kenyan blood donors found an overall seroprevalence of 5.6% (population-weighted seroprevalence 4.3%), which was highest in those living in the three largest urban counties of Mombasa PLOS ONE (8.0%), Nairobi (7.3%) and Kisumu (5.5%) [28]. Similar to our study, their results suggested that infection in Kenya was more widespread than the current PCR-based testing strategies would suggest.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Higher SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence in workers with lower socioeconomic status in Cape Town, South Africa

et al. 2021

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Background Inequality is rife throughout South Africa. The first wave of COVID-19 may have affected people in lower socioeconomic groups worse than the affluent. The SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence and the specificity of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody tests in South Africa is not known. Methods We tested 405 volunteers representing all socioeconomic strata from the workforce of a popular shopping and tourist complex in central Cape Town with the Abbott SARS-CoV-2 IgG assay. We assessed the association between antibody positivity and COVID-19 symptom status, medical history, and sociodemographic variables. We tested 137 serum samples from healthy controls collected in Cape Town prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, to confirm the specificity of the assay in the local population. Results Of the 405 volunteers tested one month after the first peak of the epidemic in Cape Town, 96(23.7%) were SARS-CoV-2 IgG positive. Of those who tested positive, 46(47.9%) reported no symptoms of COVID-19 in the previous 6 months. Seropositivity was significantly associated with living in informal housing, residing in a subdistrict with low income-per household, and having a low-earning occupation. The specificity of the assay was 98.54%(95%CI 94.82%-99.82%) in the pre-COVID controls. Conclusions There is a high background seroprevalence in Cape Town, particularly in people of lower socioeconomic status. Almost half of cases are asymptomatic, and therefore undiagnosed by local testing strategies. These results cannot be explained by low assay specificity.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Higher SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence in workers with lower socioeconomic status in Cape Town, South Africa

et al. 2021

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“…A significant number of parturient women (6.2%, 80/1,293) in Philadelphia possessed IgG and/or IgM SARS-CoV-2-specific antibodies (Flannery et al, 2020). It was also reported that 5.6% (174/ 3,098) of blood donors had anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG (Uyoga et al, 2020). The prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in populations was clearly related to local epidemic levels.…”

Section: Humoral Responses To Sars-cov-2 Infection In Asymptomatic Pomentioning

confidence: 97%

Antibody response and therapy in COVID-19 patients: what can be learned for vaccine development?

Zhang

Zhan

et al. 2020

Sci. China Life Sci.

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The newly emerged severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has infected millions of people and caused tremendous morbidity and mortality worldwide. Effective treatment for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) due to SARS-CoV-2 infection is lacking, and different therapeutic strategies are under testing. Host humoral and cellular immunity to SARS-CoV-2 infection is a critical determinant for patients’ outcomes. SARS-CoV-2 infection results in seroconversion and production of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. The antibodies may suppress viral replication through neutralization but might also participate in COVID-19 pathogenesis through a process termed antibody-dependent enhancement. Rapid progress has been made in the research of antibody response and therapy in COVID-19 patients, including characterization of the clinical features of antibody responses in different populations infected by SARS-CoV-2, treatment of COVID-19 patients with convalescent plasma and intravenous immunoglobin products, isolation and characterization of a large panel of monoclonal neutralizing antibodies and early clinical testing, as well as clinical results from several COVID-19 vaccine candidates. In this review, we summarize the recent progress and discuss the implications of these findings in vaccine development.

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“…33 Without any other rational explanations, the results support our hypothesis that immunity to type S virus underlies the exacerbation of COVID-19 in Europe. 5 Serosurveys in Kenya have suggested that the epidemic in Africa was like that in the West; 34 however, in contrast to the West, most patients were asymptomatic or mildly ill. On the African continent, in contrast to Europe, many of the epidemics were due to Clade S. Our previous analysis suggested that the outbreak of type K virus after type S offsets the effect of type S to increase CFR. T14I mutation is also present in peptides predicted as HLA Class I T cell epitopes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemic trends of SARS-CoV-2 associated with immunity, race, and viral mutations

Takahashi

Kamikubo

Hattori

2020

Preprint

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The world has been plagued by complex waves of SARS-CoV-2 epidemics that vary from region to region, leaving the end of the pandemic unpredictable. Here we performed "genetic fingerprinting" to compare the local viral genotypes with epidemiological information and reveal the molecular dynamics of the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic worldwide. A multifaceted analyses of the epidemic trends and their relationship to virus genotypes, regional herd immunity, population density, and race has shown that epidemic outcomes are affected by: (1) Increased fitness of the virus due to mutations of viral proteins; (2) Immunity against previously prevalent subtypes that prevents or exacerbates COVID-19; (3) Immune evasion due to viral mutations; (4) Viral competition with coexisting subtypes; (5) Dense and crowded living environment; (6) Racial and social disparities; (7) Upper limit of viral mutations that enable natural selection. These findings provide an overview of the current epidemic, help predict the future, and develop effective countermeasures.

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Seroprevalence of anti–SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies in Kenyan blood donors

Cited by 275 publications

References 29 publications

Higher SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence in workers with lower socioeconomic status in Cape Town, South Africa

Higher SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence in workers with lower socioeconomic status in Cape Town, South Africa

Antibody response and therapy in COVID-19 patients: what can be learned for vaccine development?

Epidemic trends of SARS-CoV-2 associated with immunity, race, and viral mutations

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