Seroprevalence of antibodies to Hepatitis A and E viruses in pediatric age groups in Turkey

Çolak, Dilek; Öğünç, Dilara; Günseren, Filiz; Velipaşaoğlu, Sevtap; Aktekin, Mehmet; Gültekin, Meral

doi:10.1556/amicr.49.2002.1.9

Cited by 28 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…This is in keeping with the findings of Colak et al [15] and Aggarwal et al [20], who showed that intrafamilial transmission of HEV was rare. This could be due to the fact that there is a low level of fecal secretion of HEV [20], and so intrafamilial or personto-person transmission is low.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…This rather lower value in rural Ghana may be due to variation in the sensitivity of the immunoassay kits in different laboratories. Colak et al [15] found a prevalence rate of 0.9% in children in Turkey. Turkey is a country in the European Union, and socioeconomic conditions there are better than those in the community where this study was done.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

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Seroprevalence and predictors of hepatitis E infection in Nigerian children

Ekanem

Ikobah

Okpara

et al. 2015

J Infect Dev Ctries

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Introduction: Hepatitis E is a hepatotropic virus transmitted through the fecal-oral route and is prevalent in developing countries where sanitation is still a public health issue. There is no epidemiological data about this virus in Nigerian children. All the existing studies are hospital based, with obvious limitations. This study was conducted to establish the seroprevalence and predictors of viral hepatitis E antibody in children in Akpabuyo Local Government Area of Cross River State, Nigeria. Methodology: This was a community-based, cross-sectional study. A multi-staged sampling technique was used to select ten communities from which 406 children were recruited. The study period was April to June 2012. A structured interviewer-administered questionnaire was used for data collection. Blood samples were screened for anti-HEV IgG antibody using the enzyme-linked immunoassay technique. Multivariate logistic regression was used to identify factors that independently predicted the occurrence of the anti-HEV IgG antibody. A p value of < 0.05 was considered significant. Results: The seroprevalence rate of anti-HEV IgG antibody was 7.7% (95% CI = 5.1-10.3). The study population mainly (94.1%) comprised the lower social class. Levels of social amenities in these communities were generally poor, with virtually no piped water and modern sewage disposal systems. After multivariate analysis, the predictor of infection was the duration of residence in the study communities. Conclusions: HEV infection was prevalent in the study population. Educational campaigns and provision of good sewage disposal and piped water are of high necessity.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Seroprevalence and predictors of hepatitis E infection in Nigerian children

Ekanem

Ikobah

Okpara

et al. 2015

J Infect Dev Ctries

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“…In this study, the HEV seropositivity was found to be higher in children aged seven years compared to children aged 14 years (13). In a study conducted in the province of Antalya in our country, HEV antibody was not found in any child in preschool children, whereas the prevalence of anti-HEV IgG was found to be 1.6% in school age children (14). In another study conducted in our country, the HEV seropositivity was found to be 0% in children aged between 0 and 5 years and it was reported that the seropositivity rate increased as the age advanced (6).…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 46%

Epidemiology of hepatitis E virus in children in the province of Van, Turkey

Bayhan¹,

Demioren²,

Güdücüoğlu³

2016

Turk Pediatri Ars

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Aim: Hepatitis E virus is an etiological agent of hepatitis which is transmitted enterically and may lead to water-born outbreaks. Although it is mainly transmitted by the fecal-oral route, it is estimated that many cases are associated with zoonotic transmission in developing countries. In this study, we aimed to investigate the seroprevalence of hepatitis E in the childhood age group in the province of Van and to demonstrate the relationship between seroprevalence and demographic properties, residential house/region, water supply used at home, dealing with livestock and history of surgery. Material and Methods:In this study, hepatitis E virus IgG antibody was studied by ELISA method in children aged between 2 months and 18 years between June 2014 and September 2014 in the province of Van.Results: A total of 408 children and adolescents were enrolled in the study. Hepatitis E IgG was found to be positive in 4.2% of the subjects. 179 (43.8%) of the subjects were female and 229 (56.2%) were male. The mean age was 123 months±56.6 months (minimum 2 months, maximum 214 months). When the seropositivity rates were compared by age groups and gender, no difference was found. No correlation was found between hepatitis E seropositivity and the variables of residence, dealing with livestock and water resources. No correlation was found between anti-hepatits E virus seropositivity and parental education level, number of cohabitants and history of surgery. Conclusion:In our study, hepatitis E virus seropositivity was found to be lower compared to the mean seropositivity in Turkey. Hepatitis E infection does not constitute a serious problem in children in the province of Van in accordance with the results reported from different parts of our country. Livestock dealing and usage of well water are not considered risk factors for Hepatitis E infection. (Turk Pediatri Ars 2016; 51: 148-51)

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“…Currently available commercial serological assays are based on genotype 1 and 2 antigens and might have lower sensitivity for detection of infections with the genotype 3 strains (4,6,18). In addition, the positive predictive value is lower in areas of low endemicity (like The Netherlands) than in the countries of where it is endemic, due to the low overall seroprevalence.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of Serological Assays for Diagnosis of Hepatitis E Virus Genotype 1 and 3 Infections in a Setting of Low Endemicity

Herremans

Bakker

Duizer

et al. 2007

Clin Vaccine Immunol

106

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Because of the occurrence of genotype 3 hepatitis E virus (HEV) in regions of low endemicity, it is important to validate the currently used serological assays for diagnosing infections with viruses belonging to this lineage, since these assays only use antigens derived from genotype 1 and 2 viruses. We evaluated the Genelabs enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and the RecomBlot from Mikrogen for the detection of HEVspecific immunoglobulin M (IgM) and IgG under conditions of low endemicity. We compared test results of 16 patients with locally acquired genotype 3 HEV, 8 genotype 1 patients, 167 healthy controls from the general population, and 101 cases with hepatitis due to other viral causes. The measured specificities of the ELISA (98%) and the RecomBlot (97%) were comparable to those given by the manufacturer for IgM but were significantly lower for IgG (93% by ELISA and 66% by immunoblotting, versus reported values of 98% for ELISA and 95% for blotting). Antibody levels detected following infections with genotype 3 were lower than those following genotype 1 infections except for those measured in the IgM ELISA. Reactivity to the four antigens used in the immunoblot assay were analyzed and showed differences in the IgM immunoblot reactions between genotype 1 patients and genotype 3 patients. The ORF3 antigen was the most specific antigen. The specificity could be improved by a combined testing regimen with confirmation by immunoblotting of all positive ELISA results and by raising the cutoff of the IgG immunoblot assay without loss of sensitivity. We conclude that a combination of ELISA and immunoblotting is needed for acceptable specificity and sensitivity of HEV assays under conditions of low endemicity.Hepatitis E is an acute self-limiting disease that is common in Asia and Africa and considered emerging in many industrialized countries. After the discovery of the hepatitis E virus (HEV) by electron microscopy in 1983 and its subsequent characterization (2), HEV infections have been reported over a wide geographic area in Asia, Africa, the Middle East, and Central America (1). The lineages that are endemic in these regions differ antigenically and genetically and have been labeled Birma-like (genotype 1), Mexico-like (genotype 2), and China-like (genotype 4). In addition, besides travel-associated HEV infections, several reports have now shown indigenous circulation of a fourth lineage of HEV (genotype 3), both in humans and in swine in regions of the world previously considered free from HEV (3,8,10,(13)(14)(15)(16)(17).HEV infections are recognized in The Netherlands as an imported disease related to travel to regions of endemicity but also as a result of indigenous transmission of HEV. In the travel-related cases, genotype 1 is frequently detected, whereas most locally acquired HEV cases are caused by genotype 3 viruses. In view of the increasing awareness of the occurrence of HEV in regions with a temperate climate, it is important to validate the currently used serological assays for diagnosis o...

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Seroprevalence of antibodies to Hepatitis A and E viruses in pediatric age groups in Turkey

Cited by 28 publications

References 20 publications

Seroprevalence and predictors of hepatitis E infection in Nigerian children

Seroprevalence and predictors of hepatitis E infection in Nigerian children

Epidemiology of hepatitis E virus in children in the province of Van, Turkey

Use of Serological Assays for Diagnosis of Hepatitis E Virus Genotype 1 and 3 Infections in a Setting of Low Endemicity

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