In this study, the sera collected from a variety of mammalian species (ass-mules, cat, cattle, dog, horse, human and sheep) in 10 representative provinces of Turkey, were surveyed for the presence of neutralizing antibodies to West Nile virus (WNV). Overall, 1 of 40 (2.5%) ass-mules, 4 of 100 (4%) cattle, 43 of 114 (37.7%) dogs, 35 of 259 (13.5%) horses, 18 of 88 (20.4%) humans and 1 of 100 (1%) sheep, tested positive for WNV-neutralizing antibodies. The results indicate that a wide range of mammals are exposed to a West Nile-related virus and this could contribute to the long-term survival of this virus in the absence of overt disease.
Hepatitis A and hepatitis E are enteric transmitted viral diseases occurring in epidemic and sporadic forms especially in developing countries. Previous studies in Turkey showed that most residents are infected with HAV by the second decade of life. Since HEV is generally transmitted by the same route as HAV we conducted a community-based seroprevalence study for HAV and HEV infection in Ahatli area in Antalya, Turkey where socioeconomic conditions are low. Anti-HAV total immunoglobulin was tested by using a microparticle EIA (Axsym-Abbott Lab). Anti-HEV IgG was assayed by a micro ELISA method (Genelabs-Singapore). Of the 338 sera tested, 112 (33.1%) were positive for anti-HAV total antibody. Anti-HEV IgG was detected in three (0.89%) of the serum samples. Seropositivity rates of HAV in preschool and school children were 19.9% and 43.9% respectively (p < 0.001). No antibody to HEV was detected in preschool children, while the prevalence of anti-HEV IgG was 1.6% in children attending school. Our data showed that seroprevalence of anti-HAV is high among children samples but HEV infection appears to be relatively rare in pediatric age groups.
ÖZETHepatit C virusu (HCV) kronik hepatitlerin en önemli nedenlerinden biridir. HCV'ye bağlı kronik hepatitlerin seyrinde ve tedavinin planlanmasında HCV genotipleri önem taşımaktadır. Bu çalışmada, Akdeniz Üniversitesi Hastanesi Mikrobiyoloji Laboratuvarında yapılan HCV genotiplendirilmesine ait sonuçların retrospektif olarak değerlendirilmesi ve son beş yıl içinde genotip dağılımındaki değişimin incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Çalışmaya, 2009-2013 yılları arasında laboratuvarımıza HCV genotip tayini için gönderilen, HCV-RNA pozitif kronik hepatit C'li 422 hastaya (219 erkek, 203 kadın; yaş aralığı: 8-79 yıl, yaş ortalaması 46.3 ± 15.5 yıl) ait kan örnekleri dahil edilmiştir. Genotiplendirme için, plazma örneklerinden HCV-RNA ekstraksiyonu otomatize sistem (EZ1 Virus Mini Kit v2.0, Qiagen, Almanya) ile yapılmış ve ters hibridizasyon esaslı ticari bir "line prob assay" (LIPA; GEN-C RT-PCR, İtalya) yöntemi uygulanmıştır. Viral yük tayini için ise, HCV-RNA düzeyleri gerçek zamanlı PCR yöntemi (Cobas TaqMan HCV, Roche Diagnostics, Almanya) ile araştırılmıştır. Hastaların demografik verileri, hastane elektronik bilgi sisteminden ve hasta dosyalarından elde edilmiştir. Hastaların %63.3 (n= 267)'ünde genotip 1b, %14.7 (n= 62)'sinde genotip 1a, %11.1 (n= 47)'inde genotip 3a, %0.9 (n= 4)'unda genotip 2b ve %0.2 (n= 1)'sinde genotip 4e saptanmış; 1 hastada (%0.2) ise genotip 1 ve 4 birlikteliği izlenmiştir. Genotip 1, 2 ve 4 ile enfekte hastaların sırasıyla; %5.4 (n= 23), %2.6 (n= 11) ve %1.4 (n= 6)'ünde alt tip tayini yapılamamıştır. Kırk hastanın yabancı uyruklu olduğu (Rusya'dan 16; Ukrayna ve Gürcistan'dan
Twenty multidrug-resistant vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium strains of the VanA phenotype were isolated over a 1 year period from five patients in the intensive care unit at the University Hospital of Antalya, Turkey. Molecular investigation showed that these strains belonged to five different pulsotypes and that the vanA gene was carried by a Tn1546-like transposon inserted onto a self-transferable plasmid of approximately 200 kb. One patient was infected by two different strains, suggesting horizontal gene transfer within that patient. This is the first documented outbreak of VRE in Turkey with concomitant spread of plasmid and strains.
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