Seroprevalence of Cytomegalovirus Infection amongst Pregnant Women in Kaduna State, Nigeria

Abstract

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a major public health problem throughout the world. It is the leading cause of congenital infections leading to neurological disabilities in children that result to severe sequelae such as sensor neural hearing loss, neuro-developmental delay and blindness. This study was conducted to determine the seroprevalence of human cytomegalovirus among pregnant women in Kaduna State, Nigeria. Three hundred and sixty three (363) blood samples were collected from 330 pregnant women attending antenatal clinics and 33 non pregnant women attending the Outpatient Department in three selected General Hospitals in Kaduna State. Serum obtained from the blood samples were examined for the presence of CMV IgG antibodies by IFA method. About 94.8% of pregnant women tested positive to CMV IgG antibodies while all (100%) of the non pregnant women tested positive. There was no statistically significant association between CMV and pregnancy (χ χ χ χ 2 =1.784, df=2, p=0.182). Infection with CMV was strongly associated with zone location (χ χ χ χ 2 =15.381, df,=2, p=0.000) and employment status of the women (χ χ χ χ 2 =5.519, df=1, p=0.018). There was no significant association between CMV infection and age, gravida, gestation age, education, number of marriages and history of previous transfusion. The high prevalence of CMV infection observed in this study indicates that the virus is prevalent in the study area and it is therefore advisable that routine screening of CMV infection be implemented for all antenatal women in the State.

Evaluation of Pregnant Women Susceptible to Cytomegalovirus Infection in Maiduguri, Nigeria

“…However, there was statistical association between seronegativity with education level and history of previous blood transfusion. These findings are in consonance with previous studies (Hamdan et al, 2011;Matos et al, 2010;Yeroh et al, 2015;Akinbami et al, 2011).…”

Prevalence of Human Cytomegalovirus Infection among Human Immunodeficiency Virus Positive Women Receiving Antiretroviral Treatment at Federal Teaching Hospital Abakaliki, Ebonyi State, Nigeria

“…The result therefore showed that level of education had no effect on the transmission of CMV infection. This is similar to other studies [6]. Again, the table also depicted the relationship between CMV infection and occupational status.…”

“…This means that the CMV viral dose circulating in their blood were not adequate to elicit disease. This discovery of ubiquitous nature of CMV is in consonance with the works of previous researchers that CMV has a worldwide distribution, with prevalence rate of 70%-100% [6,40,57,58]. The reason for this could be attributed to recent infection or reactivation due to diminishing immunity in the immune-compromised individuals.…”

“…Cytomegalovirus (CMV) transmissions occur among people of all ages, races, and socioeconomic classes, throughout both the modernized and developing parts of the world [5,6]. A serological survey of over 20,000 women in London found 54.4% of these women were seropositive for CMV [7].…”

Detection OF Cytomegalovirus Infection In Pre-Marital Women In Al-Khalis City

“…IgG antibodies may be measurable at low levels for many years and in some cases for a lifetimes [7]. This study revealed a higher ratio of CMV in age group (20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25), but this results was un agree with [20] that showed that (46.6%) of infection in the age group (15-19 years) with significant differences under Pv=0.01.…”