Seroprevalence of hepatitis B and associated factors among inmates: a cross sectional study in the Douala New Bell Prison, Cameroon

Kowo, Mathurin; Andoulo, Firmin Ankouane; Sizimboue, Daniel Tchamdeu; Ndam, Antonin Wilson Ndjitoyap; Ngek, Larry Tangie; Kouanfack, Charles; Leundji, Hubert; Djanteng, Rocard; Ondo, Bruno Ela; Torimiro, Judith; Ndam, Elie-Claude Ndjitoyap; Njoya, Oudou

doi:10.11604/pamj.2021.38.355.20386

Cited by 4 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…This study indicates that having a body tattoo is an important risk factor for both HBV and HCV infections. Similar findings of a significant association between having a body tattoo and HBV or HCV infections have been documented by other investigators as well [ 25 , 43 , 56 , 60 ]. Tattooing in prisons often involves the use of unsterile equipment, which poses a potential risk for the transmission of blood-borne infections [ 61 ].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

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Hepatitis B and hepatitis C virus infections and associated factors among prisoners in Gondar City, Northwest Ethiopia

Tadesse,

Ayalew,

Million

et al. 2024

PLoS ONE

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Background Globally, hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) cause considerable morbidity and mortality from their acute and chronic infections. The transmission of the viruses within the prisons is high due to overcrowding, and other risk behaviors such as drug use, and unsafe sexual practices. This study aimed at determining the prevalence and associated factors of HBV and HCV infections among prisoners in Gondar city, Northwest Ethiopia. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in the Gondar City Prison Center from May 1, 2022, to July 30, 2022. A total of 299 prison inmates were selected by using a systematic random sampling technique. A semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect data on sociodemographic, clinical, behavioral and prison related factors. Five milliliters of blood sample were collected, and the serum was separated from the whole blood. The serum was tested for HBV surface antigen (HBsAg) and anti-HCV antibody by using an Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). Data was entered using EpiData version 4.6.0 and exported to SPSS version 20 for analysis. Logistic regression analysis was done to assess the association between the independent variables and HBV and HCV infections. P-values < 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results The overall seroprevalence of HBV or HCV infections was 10.4%. The seroprevalence of HBV and HCV infections was 7.0% and 4.0%, respectively. It has been demonstrated that having several heterosexual partners, sharing sharp materials in prison, having longer imprisonment, and having a body tattoo are significantly associated with HBV infection. The presence of a body tattoo, a history of surgical procedures, and previous imprisonment are associated risk factors for HCV infection. Conclusion The prevalence of HBV and HCV were high-intermediate and high, respectively. Therefore, preventative and control initiatives are needed in prisons to decrease the rate of infection and transmission.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…Hepatitis B virus is highly infectious and can remain stable on environmental surfaces for more than 7 days. Therefore, practices like sharing needles and razors may have contributed to the spread of the virus within this population [ 43 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hepatitis B and hepatitis C virus infections and associated factors among prisoners in Gondar City, Northwest Ethiopia

Tadesse,

Ayalew,

Million

et al. 2024

PLoS ONE

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“…This prevalence of 14.8% in our study, which is considered as high, is in line with the HBsAg prevalence of 12.9% in blood donors at the Garoua Regional Hospital, the prevalence of 12 This tends to confirm the fact that the prevalence of HBsAg in prisoners in west and central Africa is the highest across the WHO regions [15]. In contrast with Kowo et al [6] in Douala New Bell Prison where male-to-male sex, sharp objects exchange and illicit drug use among others were important associated factors, no risk factor was significantly associated with hepatitis B upon multivariate analysis in our study. Though we hypothesize that injection drug use and male-to-male sex were underreported because both are illegal in Cameroon, detainees did not want the circuit of drug and the injection material to be discovered and the male homosexuality taboo in our context, our results may just be the confirmation of the fact that the risk factors we studied must be considered as additional risk factors, since the main routes of transmission of hepatitis B in high endemicity regions (Sub-Saharan Africa and Eastern Asia) are the mother-to-child transmission and the early horizontal transmission [22].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Prevalence of Hepatitis B and Associated Factors in the Garoua Central Prison, Cameroon: A Cross-Sectional Study

Galdima,

Balkissou,

Djapa

et al. 2024

OJGas

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Introduction: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a major public health problem in Cameroon. Garoua city is the headquarters of the North Region of Cameroon, where the HBV prevalence is among the highest of the country. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of HBsAg carriage and associated factors among persons incarcerated in the Garoua Central Prison. Methods: It was a cross-sectional study conducted from July 1 to July 31, 2023 at the Garoua Central prison. We included all prisoners willing to participate in the study and who gave their verbal consent. We collected data using a pre-established data entry form and we used rapid test for blood screening for HBV surface antigen (HBs Ag) with ELISA confirmation. Data were analyzed using the R ® software for Windows. After the univariate analysis, we selected associated variables to HBV infection with p-value < 0.2 for a logistic regression model in order to look for independently associated factors to this HBV infection. The p-value was set at 5%. Results: We included 1389 prisoners out of which 97.6% were male. The median age (IQR) of the study population was 28 (23 -35) years. The median (IQR) duration of incarceration was 12 (6 -26) months and the mean (±sd) number of incarcerations was 1.24 (±0.6). HBV prevalence was estimated at 14.8% (95% CI: 13.0 -16.7). Upon uni-and multivariate analysis, no risk factor was significantly associated with viral hepatitis B infection in our study population. Conclusion:

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“…25% of PWID report initiating drug use in prisons and incarceration is associated with a doubled risk of re-initiating injecting drug use ( Genberg et al, 2015 ; Kamarulzaman et al, 2016 ). Sharing contaminated needles for injecting drugs, sharing tooth brushes, unsterile tattooing, body piercing and high-risk sexual activity also represent potential routes of HBV transmission within prisons ( Kamarulzaman et al, 2016 ; Moazen et al, 2018 ; Kowo et al, 2021 ; Harawa et al, 2010 ). This risk continues beyond prison; the immediate period following release is associated with high risk of heightened sexual behaviours, and drug/alcohol use ( Kamarulzaman et al, 2016 ; Dolan et al, 2016 ; Binswanger et al, 2007 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The forgotten people: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection as a priority for the inclusion health agenda

Martyn

Eisen

Longley

et al. 2023

eLife

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Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection represents a significant global health threat, accounting for 300 million chronic infections and up to 1 million deaths each year. HBV disproportionately affects people who are under-served by health systems due to social exclusion, and can further amplify inequities through its impact on physical and mental health, relationship with stigma and discrimination, and economic costs. The ‘inclusion health’ agenda focuses on excluded and vulnerable populations, who often experience barriers to accessing healthcare, and are under-represented by research, resources, interventions, advocacy, and policy. In this article, we assimilate evidence to establish HBV on the inclusion health agenda, and consider how this view can inform provision of better approaches to diagnosis, treatment, and prevention. We suggest approaches to redress the unmet need for HBV interventions among excluded populations as an imperative to progress the global goal for the elimination of viral hepatitis as a public health threat.

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Seroprevalence of hepatitis B and associated factors among inmates: a cross sectional study in the Douala New Bell Prison, Cameroon

Cited by 4 publications

References 23 publications

Hepatitis B and hepatitis C virus infections and associated factors among prisoners in Gondar City, Northwest Ethiopia

Hepatitis B and hepatitis C virus infections and associated factors among prisoners in Gondar City, Northwest Ethiopia

Prevalence of Hepatitis B and Associated Factors in the Garoua Central Prison, Cameroon: A Cross-Sectional Study

The forgotten people: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection as a priority for the inclusion health agenda

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