Seroprevalence of HIV, hepatitis B, and syphilis in an urban population and isolated villages in Gabon

Bertherat, Eric; Nabias, R; Georges‐Courbot, Marie‐Claude; Renaut, A.

doi:10.1136/sti.75.4.271

Cited by 7 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Whereas HIV prevalence in pregnant women cannot be used as a direct proxy for population prevalence, these data are currently best estimates for the county of Tsamba-Magotsi. Conversely to HIV the prevalence of T. pallidum is surprisingly low (3%) compared to previous prevalence estimates of 8 to 26% from other regions of Gabon [ 22 ]. Diagnostic data from pregnant women also indicated a high prevalence of urogenital schistosomiasis and the filarial pathogens L. loa and M. perstans in the study region.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 59%

Demography, maternal health and the epidemiology of malaria and other major infectious diseases in the rural department Tsamba-Magotsi, Ngounie Province, in central African Gabon

Mombo-Ngoma

Witte

et al. 2017

BMC Public Health

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BackgroundSub-Saharan Africa is undergoing an epidemiological transition from a predominance of infectious diseases to non-communicable and lifestyle related conditions. However, the pace of this transition and the pattern of disease epidemiology are uneven between affluent urban and rural poor populations. To address this question for a remote rural region located in the central African rainforest region of Gabon, this study was conducted to assess reasons for health care attendance and to characterize the epidemiology of malaria and other major infectious diseases for the department of Tsamba Magotsi.MethodsMajor causes for health care attendance were collected from local hospital records. Cross sectional population based surveys were performed for the assessment of local malaria epidemiology. Pregnant women attending antenatal care services were surveyed as a sentinel population for the characterization of chronic viral and parasitic infections in the community.ResultsInfectious diseases were responsible for 71% (7469) of a total of 10,580 consultations at the formal health care sector in 2010. Overall, malaria – defined by clinical syndrome – remained the most frequent cause for health care attendance. A cross sectional malaria survey in 840 asymptomatic individuals residing in Tsamba Magotsi resulted in a Plasmodium spp. infection prevalence of 37%. The infection rate in 2–10 year old asymptomatic children – a standard measure for malaria endemicity – was 46% (100 of 217) with P. falciparum as predominant species (79%). Infection with other plasmodial species (P. ovale and P. malariae) presented most commonly as coinfections (23.2%). Prevalence of HIV, HBV, and syphilis were 6.2, 7.3, and 2.5%, respectively, in cross-sectional assessments of antenatal care visits of pregnant women. Urogenital schistosomiasis and the filarial pathogens Loa loa and Mansonella perstans are highly prevalent chronic parasitic infections affecting the local population.ConclusionsDespite major improvements in the accessibility of Tsamba Magotsi over the past decade the epidemiological transition does not appear to have majorly changed on the spectrum of diseases in this rural Gabonese population. The high prevalence of Plasmodium infection indicates a high burden of malaria related morbidity. Infectious diseases remain one of the most important health issues and further research activities in the field of tropical medicine and infectious diseases could help improve health care for the local population.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12889-017-4045-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 59%

Demography, maternal health and the epidemiology of malaria and other major infectious diseases in the rural department Tsamba-Magotsi, Ngounie Province, in central African Gabon

Mombo-Ngoma

Witte

et al. 2017

BMC Public Health

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“…HBV infection is highly endemic in African populations and hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) prevalence is often greater than 8-10% [Dupont et al, 1988[Dupont et al, , 1989Dazza et al, 1993;Richard-Lenoble et al, 1995;Traore et al, 1995;Bertherat et al, 1999]. Two major HBV genotypes, A and E, are predominant in Central, South, and West Africa [Norder et al, 1993;Bowyer et al, 1997;Odemuyiwa et al, 2001;Suzuki et al, 2003;Mulders et al, 2004;Kramvis et al, 2005].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of hepatitis B virus subgenotype A3 in rural Gabon

Makuwa

Souquière

Telfer

et al. 2006

Journal of Medical Virology

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An hepatitis B virus (HBV) molecular survey was conducted in five remote villages in the equatorial forest in Gabon, Central Africa. Two hundred seventy out of 311 inhabitants (86.8%) were HBV-infected or had evidence of past HBV infection. Chronic hepatitis corresponding to hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) positivity was suspected in 27 (8.6%) of the HBV-infected subjects. High HBV viral loads were detected mainly in children aged 4-7 years. The pre-S/S domains were sequenced in 13 cases and 12 strains belonged to HBV-A genotype. In one case we found evidence for recombination between genotypes A and E. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that Gabonese HBV strains were distinct from HBV-A subgenotypes (A1 and A2). These new HBV strains from Gabon clustered with previously reported HBV-A3 subgenotype strains from Cameroon and Democratic Republic of Congo. The analysis of the pre-S2 domain allowed us to determine two amino acid substitutions (N/152/S and N/174/T) specific to the Central African HBV-A3 subgenotype strains and one amino acid substitution (P/155/Q) unique to these new Gabonese HBV-A3 subgenotype isolates. Two full genome sequences of two new Gabonese HBV isolates are also presented and confirm the distinctive HBV-Gab-A3 cluster.

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“…In Gabon, a Central African country, HBsAg prevalence in the general population varied between 8 to 10% [ 14 ]. Previous studies conducted among urban, rural and pregnant women populations showed HBsAg prevalences of 12.9%, 7.6% and 9.2% respectively [ 15 , 16 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hepatitis B infection among HIV infected individuals in Gabon: Occult hepatitis B enhances HBV DNA prevalence

et al. 2018

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In Gabon, a central African country, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis B virus (HBV) are endemic. In a recent study, conducted in a semi-urban area (Franceville, Gabon), HBV infection was found to be more prevalent among HIV infected individuals. This study aims to investigate the prevalence and genetic diversity of hepatitis B virus infection among HIV infected individuals, predominantly under antiretroviral therapy, living in fully urbanized area: Libreville, capital of Gabon. Serological and molecular tests were performed to detect HBV infection among patients living with HIV/AIDS (PLHA). We used Monolisa HBsAg ULTRA, Anti-HBc Plus and Anti-HBs Plus EIA kits for serological analyses. HBV DNA viral load (HBV DNA VL) was determined by real time PCR and molecular characterization of HBV strains was performed by sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of partial HBV surface and core genes. At all, 70.2% of patients were under antiretroviral therapy. The prevalence of HBsAg was 8.8% (43/487). Detectable HBV DNA was found in 69.7% (30/43) of HBsAg positive patients and in 17.5% (24/137) HBsAg negative patients. HBV DNA VL was significantly higher among patient with CD4 cell counts less than 200 cells/mm3 than those with CD4 cell counts greater than 500 cells/mm3 (p = 0.008). We confirmed the presence of HBV sub-genotypes QS-A3 (40%), and A4 (20%) and HBV-E genotype (40%). The percentage of resistance to Lamivudine was high (40%) and varied according to the M204V/I motif. Occult hepatitis B infection (OBI) was found in patients with isolated HBcAb and among patients who had completed their HBsAg seroconversion. We detected HBV DNA for one patient without any HBV serological marker. This study provides a new landmark for the comprehension of HBV infection in PLHA in urban areas. OBI enhances HBV DNA prevalence and should be investigated in all HBsAg negative individuals.

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Seroprevalence of HIV, hepatitis B, and syphilis in an urban population and isolated villages in Gabon

Cited by 7 publications

References 3 publications

Demography, maternal health and the epidemiology of malaria and other major infectious diseases in the rural department Tsamba-Magotsi, Ngounie Province, in central African Gabon

Demography, maternal health and the epidemiology of malaria and other major infectious diseases in the rural department Tsamba-Magotsi, Ngounie Province, in central African Gabon

Identification of hepatitis B virus subgenotype A3 in rural Gabon

Hepatitis B infection among HIV infected individuals in Gabon: Occult hepatitis B enhances HBV DNA prevalence

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