Seroprevalence of human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis B and C viruses among haemodialysis patients in two newly opened centres in Cameroon

Abstract

IntroductionHaemodialysis (HD) patients are potentially susceptible to infection with blood borne viral agents especially; Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), hepatitis B (HBV) and hepatitis C Viruses (HCV), compared to the general population. We described their epidemiology in two newly created haemodialysis units in Cameroon: the Buea and Bamenda haemodialysis centres.MethodsA cross sectional study: included were patients who had spent at least three months in haemodialysis. HBV, HCV and HIV serologies were determined and patients' characteristics extracted from patient's records.ResultsWe included 104 participants (44 in Buea and 60 in Bamenda). Mean age was 48 years and 65.4% were men. Median duration in dialysis was 14 months. One of the three viral markers was present in 40.1% of patients. The hepatitis B surface antigen, anti-HCV and anti-HIV antibody prevalence were respectively 10.6%, 19.2%, 13.5%. A history of sexually transmitted infection was the only variable associated with anti-HIV antibody positivityConclusionThe sero-prevalence of HBsAg, HCV and HIV are high in the two centres. HIV prevalence may have reflected its etiology as a cause of ESKD. HCV remains a cause for concern and needs further evaluation. There is urgent need for the implementation of preventive and control measures.

Prevalence and Factors Associated with Hepatitis B Virus Surface Antigen and Human Immunodeficiency Virus Antibodies in Chronic Hemodialysis Patients Followed-Up in Lomé, Togo

“…None of these following parameters age, sex, type of initial nephropathy, vascular approach, the concept of blood transfusion and duration of dialysis was not statistically significant (p > 0.5) in hemodialysis patients with HBsAg positive compared to seronegative HBsAg patients. This result is similar to those of LUMA et al [15] in Cameroon and KOUASSI-M'BENGUE et al [5] in Côte d'Ivoire. With regard Open Journal of Medical Microbiology to blood transfusion, it should be pointed out that this is one of the essential adjuvant therapeutic components in the management of hemodialysis in Togo.…”

Seroprevalence occurrence of viral hepatitis and HIV among hemodialysis patients

“…It is recommended to analyze HBV-DNA annually and biopsy from liver [ 19 ]. An additional study done in Cameroon reported that the frequency of HBs Ag and HCV Abs infections in HD patients was 10.6% and 19.2%, respectively [ 20 , 21 ]. In India, out of 262 patients, 88 (33.5%) were found to be having HCV infection, 4 (1.5%) were found to be positive for HBsAg and dual infection was observed in 2 (0.8%) patients [ 22 , 23 ].…”

Chronic Kidney Disease in Cameroon: A scoping review

“…Bruggeman et al [58] discussed the mechanism of viral replication in CKD patients, implying viral infections as a comorbid condition in CKD. The seroprevalence of HIV, hepatitis B surface antigen and hepatitis C virus was reported to be high in hemodialysis centers in Cameroon as well [40,41].…”