Seroprevalence of<i>Toxoplasma gondii</i>in domestic pets from metropolitan regions of Panama

Rengifo-Herrera, Claudia; Pilé, Edwin; García, Anabel; Perez, Alexander; Pérez, D. Robles; Nguyen, Felicia K.; Guardia, Valli de La; McLeod, Rima; Caballero, Zuleima

doi:10.1051/parasite/2017009

Cited by 16 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…The percentage of positives for the entire population of stray dogs and cats was 23.73%. This value was lower than the one found in a study carried out on pets (dogs and cats) from Panama City and West Panama, which showed an overall percentage of positives of 30.73% [ 34 ]. However, when comparing the percentages by region of both studies, very similar frequencies were observed in two of the studied regions (San Miguelito and West Panama).…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 59%

“…In different regions of Mexico and Panama, seroprevalence data were only found in domestic animals, with ranges of 70.8–91.8% and 9.2–42.0% respectively [ 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 ]. Furthermore, a recent study carried out in regions of Panama City and Panama West reported high seroprevalences in domestic dogs and cats (30.73% of overall prevalence) without significant differences between the populations of both species [ 34 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Frequency of Toxoplasma gondii and Risk Factors Associated with the Infection in Stray Dogs and Cats of Panama

et al. 2020

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Stray animals such as dogs and cats have an important role in maintaining the transmission cycles and dissemination of Toxoplasma gondii. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the frequency of T. gondii in stray dogs and cats in six different regions of Panama and determine risk factors associated with the dynamics of infection in each of the studied regions. Data were obtained using serological tests for the detection of anti-T. gondii IgG and IgM antibodies. The results of this study revealed an overall infection frequency of 23.73%. The infection frequencies found in dog and cat populations were 25.70% and 21.93% respectively, showing no statistically significant difference. Risk factor correlations suggested different infection dynamics depending on the region analyzed. The San Miguelito, North and West regions were more associated with positive cases in dogs with an age range greater than 13 months. Conversely, the Metro, Central and East regions were more associated with negative cases in cats with age ranging between 0 and 5 months. Infection of the parasite in stray animals can be influenced by intrinsic characteristics of each region, which can potentiate different risk factors associated with the different routes of transmission.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 59%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Frequency of Toxoplasma gondii and Risk Factors Associated with the Infection in Stray Dogs and Cats of Panama

et al. 2020

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“…gondii ( Fig 1 ) [ 72 ]. Although no statistical differences in age were found between seropositive and seronegative dogs in an urban environment [ 73 – 75 ], comparison among dog populations may be influenced by other variables, such as household characteristics and free street access. As mentioned before, these previous studies were focused on unrelated human or dog seroprevalence and did not consider the relationship between owner-owned dogs and spatial distribution.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial and simultaneous representative seroprevalence of anti-Toxoplasma gondii antibodies in owners and their domiciled dogs in a major city of southern Brazil

et al. 2017

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Toxoplasmosis, caused by Toxoplasma gondii, has traditionally been considered an important water and foodborne protozoonosis with important public health considerations. Although felids play a well-established role as definitive hosts, canine epidemiological involvement in the parasite’s life cycle remains questionable and controversial. The increasing closeness of the human-dog bond, particularly seen in urban settings, has been recognized as a historically unprecedented worldwide movement. Sharing daily lives in the same households, dogs may be exposed to similar associated risks of T. gondii infection as their owners. Thus, epidemiological assessment of the intra-domiciled environment, especially among socio-economically different human populations, may provide novel information regarding the actual role of dogs in animal and human toxoplasmosis. Despite spatial approaches being recently used for other water and foodborne diseases, no study has been conducted on the simultaneous spatial seroprevalence of both human and animal IgG anti-T. gondii antibodies in urban areas of major cities. Accordingly, the aim of the present study was to assess the seroprevalence and associated variables of Toxoplasma infection in owners and their domiciled dogs in Londrina, southern Brazil. Human and canine seroprevalence rates and variables associated with seroprevalence were investigated through representative random sampling among 564 households, which included 597 owners and 729 dogs. Overall, statistically significant differences between the seroprevalence of human and dog anti-T. gondii antibodies were found by Immunofluorescence Antibody Testing in 248/597 (41.54%) owners and 119/729 (16.32%) dogs. Through multiple analysis, significant concomitant variables for seropositivity of household individuals (people and dogs) were determined, including public sewer service, yard cleaning frequency, and having a dirty yard. Although no statistically significant multiple logistic model was observed among owners, univariate analysis detected associations with monthly income, soil contact, and occupation. Among dogs, the absence of other dogs and the absence of a dirty yard were concomitant significantly protective associated factors. Age differences between seropositive and seronegative individuals was significant only for human beings, with the median age of negative individuals significantly higher than positive individuals. Although no spatial clusters were identified for humans or residences, a significant cluster was identified for dogs. In conclusion, characteristics of urban toxoplasmosis may include significantly higher owner seroprevalence than their owned dogs, with canine seroprevalence directly associated with having more dogs and a dirty backyard, and spatial differences in both human and dog exposures. Although not a good indicator for human foodborne diseases, dogs may be a reliable sentinel for environmental infection. Moreover, such a holistic approach may provide crucial information for more focused prevention and...

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“…It may cause asymptomatic infection or severe symptomatic infection including developmental defects, early embryonic death, stillbirth, or abortion to T. gondii-infected pregnancies (Dubey and Jones, 2008;Dubey and Dubey, 2010;Pan et al, 2017). Dogs are the intermediate hosts, and multiple studies have demonstrated the prevalence of T. gondii in dogs in a variety of countries or areas worldwide (Jiang et al, 2015;Zhang et al, 2015;Dubey et al, 2016;Rengifo-Herrera et al, 2017;Zarra-Nezhad et al, 2017). Although these serological surveys and diagnosis analysis of dogs infected T. gondii have been reported, the interactions between the host dog and the parasite T. gondii remain not fully understood.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toxoplasma gondii Triggers Neutrophil Extracellular Traps Release in Dogs

Wei

Wang

Liu

et al. 2020

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) can cause zoonotic toxoplasmosis worldwide. Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) have been known as a novel effector mechanism against T. gondii infection in the innate system of humans, cats, and sheep. Dogs are the intermediate host of T. gondii, in which the use of NETs against T. gondii infection remains unclear. Thus, this study aims to examine the effects of T. gondii on NETs release in dogs, and to further investigate the mechanism involved in the process. T. gondii-triggered NETs were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and fluorescence confocal microscopy, and the mechanism of T. gondii-triggered NETs release was determined by using inhibitors and a fluorometric reader. The results showed that T. gondii tachyzoites significantly triggered NETs-like structures, which consisted of DNA decorated with neutrophil elastase (NE) and myeloperoxidase (MPO). Further investigations revealed that reactive oxygen species (ROS)-, NADPH oxidase-, Rac 1or p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)-signaling pathways were relevant to T. gondii tachyzoites-triggered NETs release. Moreover, zymosan-triggered NETs release was strikingly degraded by T. gondii tachyzoites treatment, indicating that T. gondii may escape from the NETs-based capture strategy. Taken together, promoting NETs release is suggested to limit motility and evade infection of T. gondii in dogs.

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Seroprevalence ofToxoplasma gondiiin domestic pets from metropolitan regions of Panama

Cited by 16 publications

References 28 publications

Frequency of Toxoplasma gondii and Risk Factors Associated with the Infection in Stray Dogs and Cats of Panama

Frequency of Toxoplasma gondii and Risk Factors Associated with the Infection in Stray Dogs and Cats of Panama

Spatial and simultaneous representative seroprevalence of anti-Toxoplasma gondii antibodies in owners and their domiciled dogs in a major city of southern Brazil

Toxoplasma gondii Triggers Neutrophil Extracellular Traps Release in Dogs

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