Seroprevalence of Newcastle disease and other infectious diseases in backyard chickens at markets in Eastern Shewa zone, Ethiopia

Abstract

This study was conducted to estimate the seroprevalence of Newcastle disease (ND), Pasteurella multocida (PM) infection, Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) infection, and infectious bursal disease (IBD) and to assess the level of concurrent seropositivity during the dry and wet seasons of the year 2010. In total, 234 and 216 sera were collected during the dry and wet seasons, respectively, from unvaccinated backyard chickens at 4 live poultry markets in 2 woredas (districts) of Eastern Shewa zone, Ethiopia, and were tested using commercial ELISA kits. The overall seroprevalence of ND, PM, MG, and IBD was 5.9, 66.2, 57.7, and 91.9%, respectively, during the dry season, and 6.0, 63.4, 78.7, and 96.3%, respectively, during the wet season. The seroprevalence of MG was higher (P < 0.001) during the wet season than during the dry season and higher (P = 0.002) in Adami-Tulu-Jido-Kombolcha woreda (74%) than in Ada'a woreda (60%). Area and season had no significant effect on the seroprevalence of ND, IBD, and PM, indicating the widespread presence of those pathogens throughout the year in the study area. Of all the chickens tested, 85.6% had antibodies concurrently to more than one of the pathogens investigated. Birds were concurrently seropositive to more diseases during the wet season (median = 3) than during the dry season (median = 2; P = 0.002). As serology is not able to distinguish between strains, further studies are warranted to better understand the circulating strains, their interactions, and their economic effect on backyard poultry production in Ethiopia.

Investigation of Newcastle Disease Virus Using Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction in Selected Districts of Eastern Shewa, Ethiopia

“…However, the finding was lower than previous report in Debre Berhan (28.7%) and Sebeta/ Nazaret areas (38.33%) [14]. ND prevalence of 6% and 5.9% in the wet and dry seasons respectively findings had reported from Eastern Shewa zone [6]. On the other hand, higher report (43.68%) was also recorded in central Ethiopia among local scavenging chickens kept under traditional management system [4].…”

“…The highest prevalence in this finding was obtained from Adama Districts (16.7%) followed by Bishoftu (10%). The result has found in accordance with the previous report in Eastern Shewa who reported a prevalence of 24.2% and 14.2% in dry and wet seasons, respectively [6]. However, the finding was lower than previous report in Debre Berhan (28.7%) and Sebeta/ Nazaret areas (38.33%) [14].…”

“…Poultry production is hampered by wide arrays of constraints among which infectious diseases including Newcastle disease (ND) [6]. ND is one of the major problems in village chickens in most parts of Ethiopia and the disease has become endemic in poultry population and recurs every year inflicting heavy losses [7][8][9].…”

Serological and molecular investigation of Newcastle disease in household chicken flocks and associated markets in Eastern Shewa zone, Ethiopia

“…However, published information, either serological or virological, on ND epidemiology in Ethiopia is limited. A few cross-sectional studies in backyard chickens have showed that the disease is present with reported individual seroprevalences ranging from 5.6% to 38% (Zeleke et al, 2005;Tadesse, et al, 2005;Getachew, 2009;Chaka, et al, 2012). Epidemiological and molecular investigation to understand the NDV status of backyard chickens has never been done in Ethiopia.…”

Evaluation of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays and a haemagglutination inhibition tests for the detection of antibodies to Newcastle disease virus in village chickens using a Bayesian approach

“…Chicken sera used in this study were collected during structured, multistage household and markets cross-sectional surveys of village chickens in Eastern Shewa zone, Ethiopia between September 2009 and September 2010 (Chaka et al, 2012;Chaka et al, 2013). Villages and households within villages as well as markets were selected randomly.…”