Seroprevalence of peste des petits ruminants in sheep and goats in Eastern India

Balamurugan, V.; Varghese, Bibitha; Muthuchelvan, D.; Kumar, K. Vinod; Govindaraj, G.; SURESH, K P; Kumar, Pankaj; Hemadri, D.; Roy, Parimal

doi:10.1007/s13337-020-00574-2

Cited by 17 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…On screening of the 776 serum samples, the observed apparent and calculated true seroprevalence was 1.16% and -0.005 %, respectively (Table 1) et al, 2017;Acharya et al, 2018;Dayhum et al, 2018;Burns et al, 2019) including some studies from India with varying levels of seroprevalence (Singh et al, 2004a;Raghavendra et al, 2008;Balamurugan et al, 2014a;2020a;Devi et al, 2016). The present study defines the prevalence of SRMV antibodies in small ruminants in Sikkim and generated evidence of a very low apparent seroprevalence, which might be due to the collected random samples were from apparently healthy animals and not from PPR suspected animals.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Nevertheless, the majority of the reports from India represent only the regional isolated data using a limited number of samples (Singh et al, 2004a;Raghavendra et al, 2008;Balamurugan et al, 2011;2014a; 2020 a; b; De et al, 2016;Devi et al, 2016). Furthermore, neither systematic post-vaccination monitoring nor any sero-surveillance or monitoring plan was undertaken except a few organized studies, that represents a zone or state/UT 2020b;c). The results from different studies in India demonstrated the widespread nature of the disease except for the Andaman Nicobar archipelago (Singh et al, 2004a;Raghavendra et al, 2008;Balamurugan et al, 2011Balamurugan et al, , 20122014a,c, 2016; 2020 a; b; c).…”

Section: Advances In Animal and Veterinary Sciencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The state was purposively selected as it has a unique geographical location, and also not practiced PPR vaccination and not reported PPR outbreaks though India is enzootic to PPR. The village is discrete and considered as the epidemiological unit (epiunit) in the studied area as reported 2020b).…”

Section: Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The epi-unit level sample size estimation was determined by using a two-stage random sampling by using epi-calculator (https://nivedi.res.in/Nadres_v2/Epical/herd_level_ sample_size.php) as described earlier (Balamurugan et al, 2020a). The number of secondary units (animal samples) within the village was calculated by the hypergeometric distribution as per GCES guidelines with the unit prevalence of 30 % (Singh et al, 2004a;OIE and FAO 2015) and the village (cluster) level prevalence of 5 % ) with 95% of target cluster sensitivity and confidence level.…”

Section: Sampling Designsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Serosurvey of Peste des Petits Ruminants in Small Ruminants in the Hilly Terrain North-Eastern State of Sikkim in India

Balamurugan¹,

Varghese²,

Muthuchelvan³

et al. 2020

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This cross-sectional serosurvey outlines the seroprevalence of peste des petits ruminants (PPR) in small ruminants in the hilly terrain northeastern state of Sikkim in India. A total of 776 small ruminants' (sheep [n = 99] and goats [n = 677]) serum samples were collected from 62 epidemiological units (epi-units) of the state using a two-stage sampling method from September 2017 to February 2018. The collected sera were screened for the small ruminant morbillivirus (SRMV) antibodies using a PPR-competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (cELISA). The results showed 1.16% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.61-2.19%) apparent prevalence with almost zero calculated true prevalence, which implies the insignificant prevalence of SRMV antibodies in the small ruminants population. Further, only a few samples from <5 % epi-units have shown positive for SRMV antibodies with an overall seropositive of <30% in the surveyed epi-units in Sikkim. This report is first of its kind on the seroprevalence of PPR in a unique niche of hilly terrain settings and it implies that SRMV has not yet become established in the small ruminants in Sikkim, despite the enzootic nature of the disease in the rest of India. This necessitates the imposing of strict quarantine measures and restrictions in the small ruminants trade along with the implementation of the intensive active surveillance programme to make a PPR free state.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Advances In Animal and Veterinary Sciencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Sampling Designsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Serosurvey of Peste des Petits Ruminants in Small Ruminants in the Hilly Terrain North-Eastern State of Sikkim in India

Balamurugan¹,

Varghese²,

Muthuchelvan³

et al. 2020

AAVS

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“…The observed low seroprevalence of PPR in these (UK, HP, and J&K) states might be because the samples were randomly collected from apparently healthy animals and not from PPR suspected animals. Furthermore, the regional difference in the prevalence of the PPRV antibodies based on the relative population has also been reported [ 4 , 11 ]. In general, the low seroprevalence of PPR in sheep and goats in an ecological and geographically niche of hilly terrains could be because the topology of the region per se restricts migration of animals from the nearby region, low population density, availability of low grazing area, and thus close contact of animals are avoided.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seroprevalence study of peste des petits ruminants in sheep and goats in the northern region of India

et al. 2020

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Background and Aim: Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) is a contagious, World Organization for Animal Health notifiable, economically important, transboundary morbilliviral disease of sheep and goats. Studying seroprevalence of PPR from different geographical areas under varying agro-climatic conditions may help in formulating effective and appropriate disease control strategies under the ongoing national PPR control program. The present cross-sectional study describes the prevalence of PPR virus antibodies in sheep and goats in the various epidemiological units in different states (Haryana, Himachal Pradesh [HP], Jammu and Kashmir [J&K], Punjab, Uttarakhand [UK], and Uttar Pradesh [UP]) of the northern region of India. Materials and Methods: A total of 5843 serum samples (sheep [n=2463] and goats [n=3380]) were collected by stratified random sampling method from 322 epidemiological units in the studied region during 2017-2018 and tested for PPR virus (PPRV) antibodies by competitive ELISA. Results: The results revealed that an overall seroprevalence of 44.05% (2574/5843) with 57.32%, 55.22%, 65.69%, 37.09%, 32.73%, and 29.35% prevalence of PPRV antibodies in small ruminants in Haryana, Punjab, UP, HP, J&K, and UK states, respectively. Further, Chi-squared test revealed an association of PPRV antibodies in goats (χ2=252.28, p<0.01) and sheep (χ2=192.12, p<0.01) across different states in the region. Conclusion: The seroprevalence in majority of the epidemiological units (n=130) in sheep and goats in the studied region had <30%. This necessitates comprehensive, rigorous, continuous vaccination and active surveillance programs for few more years to achieve the desired 70% seroprevalence level of PPRV antibodies in population and to make the northern region of India, as PPR free zone.

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