Seroprevalence of Toxocara antibodies among patients suspected of ocular toxocariasis in Slovenia

Logar, J.; Šoba, Barbara; Kraut, Aleksandra; Stirn-Kranjc, Branka

doi:10.3347/kjp.2004.42.3.137

Cited by 23 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 7 publications

(8 reference statements)

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“…Schantz et al 34 descreveram envolvimento ocular após 10 anos do diagnóstico de LMV. Na Eslovênia, 239 soros de pacientes com testes IgG ELISA T. canis positivos e confirmados por teste IgG "Western-blot" apresentavam manifestações inflamatórias oculares unilaterais como retinocoroidite periférica ou posterior, vitrite, papilite ou endoftalmite circunscrita 87 .…”

Section: Larva Migrans Ocular E Neurológicaunclassified

Toxocariasis: visceral larva migrans in children

Carvalho¹,

Rocha²

2011

J Pediatr (Rio J)

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Objectives: To present a detailed investigation of risk factors, symptoms, and laboratory and imaging tests that may be useful to establish the clinical laboratory diagnosis of visceral larva migrans (VLM) in children, demonstrating the importance of diagnosis and treatment to prevent complications in the eyes, liver, and other organs. Sources:Literature review using the MEDLINE and LILACS (1952-2009) databases, selecting the most recent and representative articles on the topic. Summary of the findings:VLM is an infectious disease with nonspecific clinical presentation, whose transmission is related to contact with dogs, especially puppies, and which may progress to late systemic complications in vital organs such as the eyes and the central nervous system. IgG (ELISA) anti-T. canis can be used to establish the laboratory diagnosis. Higher cutoff points suggest recent illness and lower cutoff points demonstrate mild infection or infection in remission. Therapeutic response may be assessed by means of eosinophil blood cell count. The present article provides the pediatrician with updated information regarding VLM, a disease of high prevalence worldwide and in Brazil. Conclusions:The diagnosis of VLM depends mainly on the presence of dogs in the child's household, associated with ELISA (IgG anti-T. canis), using excretory-secretory antigens of Toxocara canis. Prospective studies are warranted to assess the best drug therapy. Prevention is the most important strategy because of the high prevalence of T. canis in urban areas.J Pediatr (Rio J). 2011;87(2):100-110: Toxocara canis, dogs, infection, epidemiology, ELISA, prevalence. ResumoObjetivos: Apresentar investigação detalhada de fatores de risco, sintomatologia, exames laboratoriais e de imagem que possam contribuir para o diagnóstico clínico-laboratorial da larva migrans visceral (LMV) em crianças e mostrar a importância do diagnóstico e do tratamento para evitar complicações oculares, hepáticas e em outros órgãos. Fontes dos dados:Revisão de literatura utilizando os bancos de dados MEDLINE e LILACS , selecionando os artigos mais atuais e representativos do tema. Síntese dos dados:LMV é uma doença infecciosa de apresentação clínica inespecífica cuja transmissão está relacionada ao contato com cães, principalmente filhotes, podendo evoluir com complicações sistêmicas tardias em órgãos vitais como o olho e sistema nervoso central. Para diagnóstico laboratorial, pode ser utilizado IgG (ELISA) anti-Toxocara canis, cujos pontos de corte mais elevados sugerem doença recente e, os mais baixos, infecção leve ou em resolução. A resposta terapêutica pode ser avaliada por meio da contagem de eosinófilos no sangue. Esse artigo atualiza o pediatra em relação à LMV, doença de alta prevalência no mundo e no Brasil.Conclusões: O diagnóstico de LMV depende principalmente da epidemiologia da presença de cães no domicílio da criança, associada ao ELISA (IgG para T. canis), utilizando antígenos Toxocara de excreção e secreção. São necessários estudos prospectivos para avali...

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Section: Larva Migrans Ocular E Neurológicaunclassified

Toxocariasis: visceral larva migrans in children

Carvalho¹,

Rocha²

2011

J Pediatr (Rio J)

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“…However, Magnaval et al (1991) reported the high sensitivity and specificity of WB for immunodiagnosis of toxocariasis [7]. In addition, previous reports using both techniques indicated that Western blotting is a better method than ELISA to investigate patients suffering from visceral larva migrans or ocular larva migrans [8]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of Anti-Toxocara Antibodies in Epileptic Patients and Comparison of Two Methods: ELISA and Western Blotting

Zibaei

Firoozeh

Bahrami

et al. 2013

Epilepsy Research and Treatment

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The relationship between Toxocara infection and epilepsy was previously demonstrated by several case-control studies and case reports. These previous studies were often based on the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using Toxocara excretory-secretory antigens, which are not specific due to cross-reactivity with other parasitic infections such as ascariasis, trichuriasis, and anisakiasis. An immunoblot analysis is highly specific and can detect low levels of Toxocara antibodies. Therefore, this assay may be useful in the identification of toxocariasis in epileptic patients. We examined patients who had epilepsy and healthy subjects for seropositivity for Toxocara infection by ELISA and Western blotting. Out of 85 epileptic patients, 10 (11.8%) and 3 (3.5%) persons exhibited Toxocara immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies responses by ELISA and by both techniques, respectively. Moreover, in the healthy group (n = 85), 3 (3.5%) persons were positive by ELISA, but none was detected by Western blotting. This study indicates that Toxocara infection is a risk factor for epilepsy in Iran. These findings strongly suggest the need to perform Western blotting immunodiagnosis, as well as the ELISA using Toxocara excretory-secretory antigens, to improve diagnosis of human toxocariasis in patients with epilepsy.

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“…In India, of 94 people from the general population and 30 patients with clinically suspected toxocariasis, 6 (6.4%) and 7 (23.3%), respectively, were seropositive to Toxocara excretory-secretory (ES) antigen [4]. In Slovenia, of 239 patients with ocular symptoms, 67 (28%) were Toxocara seropositive [5]. In Argentina, of 114 rural residents in estancias (cattle-or sheep-breeding ranches), 36 (31.6%) were seropositive [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seroprevalence of Toxocariasis among Healthy People with Eosinophilia

2008

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It is known that eosinophilia occurs when humans are infected with Toxocara canis or Toxocara cati. The Toxocara seropositive rate varies in different countries and environments. In Europe, the seropositive rate is 2 to 5 percent in apparently healthy urban adults, while the rate is 14.2% to 37% in rural areas [1]. In the Republic of Korea, where the prevalence of toxocariasis in dogs is 0.9% (n = 662), the toxocariasis seroprevalence among rural adults is approximately 5% [2,3]. In India, of 94 people from the general population and 30 patients with clinically suspected toxocariasis, 6 (6.4%) and 7 (23.3%), respectively, were seropositive to Toxocara excretory-secretory (ES) antigen [4]. In Slovenia, of 239 patients with ocular symptoms, 67 (28%) were Toxocara seropositive [5]. In Argentina, of 114 rural residents in estancias (cattle-or sheep-breeding ranches), 36 (31.6%) were seropositive [6]. It has also been reported that asthma patients showed a seropositive rate of 99.3% to Toxocara ES antigen [7]. In Korea, out of 127 sera from patients with eosinophilia (more than 500 / l or more than or equal to 10% WBC) who visited the hospital, 70 sera (68%) were positive to ES antigen and patients with lesions in the liver showed higher serum eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) values [8]. However, there is no data on the seropositive rate of toxocariasis in the general population with eosinophilia (more than or equal to 10% WBC). The present study was performed to determine what proportion of the healthy general population with eosinophilia shows seropositive against Toxocara ES antigen by ELISA and immunoblotting. MATERIALS AND METHODSFor the preparation of the ES antigen, eggs were recovered from the uterus of a T. canis adult female. They were incubated in 0.5 % formalin for 1 month at room temperature. The eggshells were broken by a homogenizer. Live larvae were collected using a Baermann s apparatus. The larvae were kept and stored in a culture medium (RPMI 1640 buffered to pH 7.2 with 23 mM L-glutamine and 100 g / ml gentamicin) at 37℃ in a CO2 incubator. Amphotericin B 1 : 1,000 (v / v) was added to the culture media to prevent fungal contamination. The supernatant was collected weekly, concentrated by ultrafiltration (10,000 KdMr exclusion limit, Amicon, Millipore, San Francisco California, USA), and used as the ES antigen. The protein concentration of the ES antigen was measured using the Lowry method. A total of 97 sera showing higher than 10% eosinophilia were collected from apparently healthy adults in Seoul with no reports of any symptoms. These sera were provided by the Korea Association of Health Seroprevalence of Toxocariasis among Healthy People with EosinophiliaKorean J Parasitol Vol. 46, No. 1: 29-32, March 2008 DOI: 10.3347/kjp.2008 29 Abstract : The aim of this study is to determine the Toxocara seropositive rate among healthy people with eosinophilia. A total of 97 people residing in Seoul who were healthy and whose blood eosinophilia was over 10%, as shown by regular health check-ups in 2004, w...

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Seroprevalence of Toxocara antibodies among patients suspected of ocular toxocariasis in Slovenia

Cited by 23 publications

References 7 publications

Toxocariasis: visceral larva migrans in children

Toxocariasis: visceral larva migrans in children

Investigation of Anti-Toxocara Antibodies in Epileptic Patients and Comparison of Two Methods: ELISA and Western Blotting

Seroprevalence of Toxocariasis among Healthy People with Eosinophilia

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