Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in equids from Southern Spain

García‐Bocanegra, Ignacio; Cabezón, Óscar; Arenas-Montes, Antonio; Carbonero, Alfonso; Dubey, J. P.; Perea, A.; Almerı́a, S.

doi:10.1016/j.parint.2012.02.003

Cited by 46 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Positive and negative control serums were included in each test, and controversial serums were re-tested. Horse sera with MAT titres of 1:25 or higher were considered positive for T. gondii antibodies based on previous studies GARCÍA-BOCANEGRA et al, 2012;ALVARADO-ESQUIVEL et al, 2012).…”

Section: Serological Assaymentioning

confidence: 99%

The prevalence of antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii in horses in Changji Hui Autonomous Prefecture, Xinjiang, northwestern China

Wang

Zhou

Chen

et al. 2015

Rev. Bras. Parasitol. Vet.

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Toxoplasmosis is a worldwide zoonosis caused by Toxoplasma gondii, which can infect warm-blooded animals and humans. The present study was performed to investigate the seroprevalence of T. gondii in horses in Xinjiang, northwestern China. A total of 637 blood samples were collected from seven regions in Changji Hui Autonomous Prefecture, Xinjiang in 2011 and assayed for T. gondii antibodies using the modified agglutination test (MAT). Risk factors (age, gender, and region) related to seroprevalence were determined by a multivariate logistic regression analysis. A total of 200 horses (31.4%, 95% CI 27.79-35.00) were seropositive for T. gondii. Age, gender, and region present no association with seroprevalence (p>0.05) in the logistic regression analysis. The results indicated that T. gondii is widely prevalent in horses in Xinjiang, northwestern China, representing a serious threat to animal and human health. Therefore, more careful measures should be performed to control and prevent T. gondii infection in horses from Xinjiang, northwestern China.Keywords: Toxoplasma gondii, horse, seroprevalence, modified agglutination test (MAT), China. ResumoA toxoplasmose é uma zoonose global causada pelo Toxoplasma gondii, o qual pode infectar animais de sangue quente e seres humanos. Este estudo foi realizado com o objetivo de investigar a soroprevalência em cavalos para T. gondii, na região de Xinjiang, no Noroeste da China. Em 2011, foram recolhidas 637 amostras de sangue em sete distritos da Prefeitura Autônoma de Changji Hui do Xinjiang, as quais foram testadas para a presença de anticorpos, utilizando-se o teste de aglutinação modificado (MAT). Foram estimados fatores de risco relacionados com a soroprevalência (idade, sexo e distrito), através de uma análise de regressão logística multivariada. Um total de 200 equinos (31,4%, 95% IC 27,79 -35,00) foi positivo para T. gondii. Idade, sexo e região estudada não apresentaram associação com a soroprevalência (p>0,05) na análise de regressão logística. Os resultados revelam que a infecção por T. gondii tem uma prevalência generalizada em todo o território de Xinjiang, no Noroeste da China, constituindo uma séria ameaça à saúde de animais e de humanos. Consequentemente, propõe-se que sejam adotadas medidas reforçadas para o controle e prevenção da infecção de cavalos por T. gondii, no Xinjiang, Noroeste da China.Palavras-chave: Toxoplasma gondii, cavalo, soroprevalência, teste de aglutinação modificado (MAT), China.

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Section: Serological Assaymentioning

confidence: 99%

The prevalence of antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii in horses in Changji Hui Autonomous Prefecture, Xinjiang, northwestern China

Wang

Zhou

Chen

et al. 2015

Rev. Bras. Parasitol. Vet.

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“…Highly pathogenic genotypes of T. gondii for humans circulate in South America (Dubey et al, 2012). These South American genotypes were detected in the above human toxoplasmosis cases in France, possibly linked to consumption of horse meat, eaten abroad or imported (Elbez-Rubinstein et al, 2009; Pomares et al, 2011).…”

Section: Evidence For Meat From Solipeds As An Important Risk Factor:mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The prevalence of antibodies ranged from 0 % to 90 %, but since 10 diagnostic methods with different specificity and sensitivity have been used in 28 countries (Tassi, 2007), the epidemiological significance of the serological positivity remains questionable. A recent study performed in the south of Spain reported a seroprevalence of 10.8 % in horses, 15.0 % in mules and 25.6 % in donkeys (Garcia-Bocanegra et al, 2012) and compared the results with the ones obtained in seroprevalence studies in horses in some other European countries: 0.5-1 % in Sweden, 1.8 % in Greece, 7 % in the Netherlands, 8-23 % in the Czech Republic and 30.7 % in Italy. The authors pointed out that a close comparison among the results is not possible because of the different methods used.…”

mentioning

confidence: 95%

“…The hypothesis is that the horse meat was imported from South America and Canada, and in one case possibly acquired during residence abroad, since the T. gondii genotypes isolated from the patients are not circulating in Europe. It is worth mentioning that in both France and Italy horse meat is by tradition also consumed raw.Highly pathogenic genotypes of T. gondii for humans circulate in South America (Dubey et al, 2012). These South American genotypes were detected in the above human toxoplasmosis cases in France, possibly linked to consumption of horse meat, eaten abroad or imported (Elbez-Rubinstein et al, 2009; Pomares et al, 2011).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These South American genotypes were detected in the above human toxoplasmosis cases in France, possibly linked to consumption of horse meat, eaten abroad or imported (Elbez-Rubinstein et al, 2009; Pomares et al, 2011). It follows that the importation of live solipeds for slaughter from South America to the EU might result in human infections with highly pathogenic genotypes causing serious disease in newborn children and abortion (Dubey et al, 2012). However, according to the data available, 11 the number of live solipeds imported for slaughter from South America to Europe is extremely limited (18 animals from Argentina in 2002Argentina in /2003.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Scientific Opinion on the public health hazards to be covered by inspection of meat (solipeds)

Publication¹

2013

EFSA Journal

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A risk ranking process identified Trichinella spp. as the most relevant biological hazard in the context of meat inspection of domestic solipeds. Without a full and reliable soliped traceability system, it is considered that either testing all slaughtered solipeds for Trichinella spp., or inactivation meat treatments (heat or irradiation) should be used to maintain the current level of safety. With regard to general aspects of current meat inspection practices, the use of manual techniques during current post-mortem soliped meat inspection may increase microbial cross-contamination, and is considered to have a detrimental effect on the microbiological status of soliped carcass meat. Therefore, the use of visual-only inspection is suggested for -non-suspect‖ solipeds. For chemical hazards, phenylbutazone and cadmium were ranked as being of high potential concern. Monitoring programmes for chemical hazards should be more flexible and based on the risk of occurrence, taking into account Food Chain Information (FCI), covering the specific on-farm environmental conditions and individual animal treatments, and the ranking of chemical substances, which should be regularly updated and include new hazards. Sampling, testing and intervention protocols for chemical hazards should be better integrated and should focus particularly on cadmium, phenylbutazone and priority -essential substances‖ approved for Meat inspection of solipeds EFSA Journal 2013;11(6):3263 2 treatment of equine animals. Implementation and enforcement of a more robust and reliable identification system throughout the European Union is needed to improve traceability of domestic solipeds. Meat inspection is recognised as a valuable tool for surveillance and monitoring of animal health and welfare conditions. If visual only post-mortem inspection is implemented for routine slaughter, a reduction in the detection of strangles and mild cases of rhodococcosis would occur. However, this was considered unlikely to affect the overall surveillance of both diseases. Improvement of FCI and traceability were considered as not having a negative effect on animal health and welfare surveillance.© European Food Safety Authority, 2013 KEY WORDSmeat inspection, soliped, horse, slaughterhouse, surveillance, contaminants, residuesMeat inspection of solipeds EFSA Journal 2013;11(6):3263 3 SUMMARYFollowing a request from the European Commission, the EFSA Panel on Biological Hazards (BIOHAZ) was asked to deliver a scientific opinion on the public health hazards to be covered by inspection of meat for several animal species, with the contribution of the Panel on Contaminants in the Food Chain (CONTAM) and the Panel on Animal Health and Welfare (AHAW). Briefly, the main risks for public health that should be addressed by meat inspection were identified and ranked, the strengths and weaknesses of the current meat inspection system were evaluated, and recommendations were made regarding inspection methods fit for purpose to meet the overall objectives of meat inspection fo...

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Serological study of Toxoplasma gondii infection in Turkoman horses in the North Khorasan Province, Iran

2014

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Toxoplasmosis is an important zoonotic disease with worldwide distribution. The infection is observed in an unusually wide range of warm-blooded animals, including most of the livestock and humans. Many studies have shown high prevalence of toxoplasmosis in man and animals in Iran. The present study was conducted to investigate the seroprevalence of toxoplasmosis in Turkoman horses in the North Khorasan Province. During 2011-2012, 100 blood samples from horses were collected and tested for antibodies against toxoplasmosis using indirect fluorescent antibody test. The seroprevalence of toxoplasmosis was detected in 14 % (14) horses. The antibodies titres were detected in the range of 1:20-1:160 dilution. The lowest and highest frequencies of toxoplasmosis were observed in the age groups of <1 year and 1-10 years, respectively (P < 0.05). No significant difference was observed between toxoplasmosis frequencies and gender and usage of horses. With regard to the high frequency of toxoplasmosis in the sampled horses, attention must be paid to the animal health for the control and prophylaxis of the disease.

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Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in equids from Southern Spain

Cited by 46 publications

References 23 publications

The prevalence of antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii in horses in Changji Hui Autonomous Prefecture, Xinjiang, northwestern China

The prevalence of antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii in horses in Changji Hui Autonomous Prefecture, Xinjiang, northwestern China

Scientific Opinion on the public health hazards to be covered by inspection of meat (solipeds)

Serological study of Toxoplasma gondii infection in Turkoman horses in the North Khorasan Province, Iran

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