Seroprevalence of transfusion transmissible infections among blood donors at tertiary care hospital in southern Telangana- A 3 year cross sectional study

Abstract

Introduction: Transfusion of blood and blood products is lifesaving in clinical situations but sometimes it is also a potential source of infection to patients who receive it. Screening for TTIs (Transfusion Transmissible Infections) have a significant role in in preventing morbidity and mortality of patients receiving blood from blood banks. Aims and Objective: To determine seroprevalence of transfusion transmissible infections among blood group donors in Khammam district of Telangana. Materials and Methods: A Retrospective cross sectional study was carried out on all donors in blood bank of a tertiary care hospital at Mamata Medical college, Khammam for three years. Screening tests for HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus), HBV (Hepatitis B Virus), HCV (Hepatitis C Virus), Malaria and Syphilis included Rapid and ELISA test kits. Results: Among 5757 donors, 5674 (98.5%) were male and 93(1.5%) were female donors. Overall seroprevalence in a 3 years study showed positivity of 0.42% in HBV, 0.01% in HCV, 0.07% in HIV. More of younger age group donors of 20-25 years were seropositive in HIV, whereas for HBV it was 26-30 years age group. O+ve was the commonest blood group observed showing seropositivity in all three. None of the patients were positive for syphilis or malaria in 3 years study period. Conclusion:We conclude that seroprevalence of HBV was significantly higher than other infections in our area. Seropositivity for Syphilis and Malaria was not seen in our area.

HIV, HBsAg and HCV prevalences among voluntary blood donors in Mumbai: trends over a decade

“…(Table 6). 5,15,12,11 Prevalence of Hepatitis B was highest in the age group of 21-30yrs (42.64%) followed by 31-40yrs (29%) in our study which is accordance with Inamdar et al 8 In India, 89% of the cases of Hepatitis B occur among sexually active persons aged 20-49years. 16 The estimated prevalence of HCV in India is 0.5%-1.5%.…”

“…7 In the present study, voluntary blood donors shows male predominance (90%) which correlates with Sachdeva et al (92%) and Inamdar et al (98.5%). 5,8 Bala et al stated that women experience up to 70% more deferrals from donation than men, because of higher frequencies of anemia, other health problems and of adverse reactions. 9 A WHO report states that the viral dose of HIV transmission through blood is so large that one HIV positive transfusion leads to death, on an average, after two years in children and after three to five years in adult.…”

“…(Table 5). 5,11,12,8 HIV prevalence in India is estimated at 0.22% (0.16%-0.30%) in 2017. 13 The adult HIV prevalence at national level has continued its steady decline from an estimated peak of 0.…”

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“…Morbidity in many clinical diseases and conditions can be reduced by blood transfusion but potential risk of TTIs associated with it cannot be ignored. 1 Blood safety is of utmost importance in transfusion medicine. Transfusion transmitted infections (TTIs) hamper blood safety and cause a serious public health problem.…”

“…Although it cannot be projected to entire population the trends and prevalence of infections among healthy individuals may be monitored and estimated by screening of TTIs among blood donors which gives a rough estimate of increasing or decreasing trend in TTI in given area. 1 Every unit of blood carries a 1% chance of transfusion transmitted diseases, the risk being higher in patients undergoing multiple transfusions. The risk of transmitting TTIs has been found to be higher in replacement donors as compared to voluntary donors.…”