Non surgical endodontic therapy uses biomechanical cleansing and shaping of the canal, which may be combined with the application of antimicrobial irrigants and intracanal medications, to eliminate these bacteria. The study evaluated the antimicrobial efficacy of Ocetenidine Dihydrochloride, a newer irrigant with Sodium Hypochlorite, a gold standard against Enterococcus faecalis in root canal disinfection. 30 single rooted intact pre-molar teeth were collected. The teeth were decoronated to measure 7mm long segments. The root apexs were enlarged to size 40 using K files. The root apex was sealed using light cure composite resin and surface was coated with nail varnish. Following sterilization of the blocks, they were infected with pure cultures of E.faecalis, which was grown in Muller-Hinton agar for a period of 7 days. The specimens were divided into 3 distinctive groups containing 10 teeth each: Group I with Octenidine, (0.1%),Group II with NaOCL (5%),Group III with no irrigation (control). Each block was carefully removed and was irrigated with 3ml of the irrigant for 1 min. After irrigation, the dentine debris were harvested using Gates Glidden drills No.2 and No.3. The antibacterial assessment was carried out by finding out the MIC and MBC values by serial dilution method, and the proportions of viable bacteria under epifluorescence microscope using Syto9 dye. Statistical analysis comparing the inter-group was done using MANN-WHITNEY U test and KRUSKAL-WALLIS test. From the results it was observed that the antimicrobial efficacy of Octenidine was found to be higher than 5% Sodium hypochlorite against E.faecalis and in creating a "bacteria-free" root canal system.

: ESBLs (Extended spectrum beta lactamases) are detected routinely in most laboratories but Amp c Beta lactamases are neglected to large extent. Pseudosusceptibility seen in Amp C producers leads to resistance to extended-spectrum cephalosporins resulting in inappropriate antimicrobial regimens and therapeutic failure. Thus, there is a need to know an appropriate phenotypic method for easy detection of Amp C β-lactamases as they have clinical relevance. : To detect and compare different phenotypic methods for Amp C β-lactamases in Gram-negative clinical isolates of Enterobacteriaceae family A prospective study was done at Mamata Medical college, Khammam for period of three months. Phenyl boronic acid method, Cefoxitin Cloxacillin-Double disc synergy test, TRIS EDTA method, Disc approximation test were done on isolates after screening by Cefoxitin disc.: Out of 140 isolates tested, 80(57%) were positive (resistant) for screening test by cefoxitin. Out of them 61(76.2%) were Escherichia coli, 16 (20.1%) isolates were Klebsiella pneumoniae and 3 (3.75%) were Enterobacter sp. Phenotypic confirmatory methods by Cefoxitin Cloxacillin Double disc Synergy (CC-DDS) test showed zone difference of >4mm in 38(47.5%) isolates , by Phenylboronic acid method (PBA) > 5mm zone difference was observed in 34(42.5%) isolates, by TRIS EDTA method 32 (40%) showed indentation near EDTA disc and by Disc approximation test 32(40%) were positive for Amp C production. E coli was the commonest isolate showing Amp c production by all four methods.: CC-DDS method has better detection rate compared to other phenotypic confirmatory methods. We suggest CC-DDS method as it is easy to perform.

Introduction: Transfusion of blood and blood products is lifesaving in clinical situations but sometimes it is also a potential source of infection to patients who receive it. Screening for TTIs (Transfusion Transmissible Infections) have a significant role in in preventing morbidity and mortality of patients receiving blood from blood banks. Aims and Objective: To determine seroprevalence of transfusion transmissible infections among blood group donors in Khammam district of Telangana. Materials and Methods: A Retrospective cross sectional study was carried out on all donors in blood bank of a tertiary care hospital at Mamata Medical college, Khammam for three years. Screening tests for HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus), HBV (Hepatitis B Virus), HCV (Hepatitis C Virus), Malaria and Syphilis included Rapid and ELISA test kits. Results: Among 5757 donors, 5674 (98.5%) were male and 93(1.5%) were female donors. Overall seroprevalence in a 3 years study showed positivity of 0.42% in HBV, 0.01% in HCV, 0.07% in HIV. More of younger age group donors of 20-25 years were seropositive in HIV, whereas for HBV it was 26-30 years age group. O+ve was the commonest blood group observed showing seropositivity in all three. None of the patients were positive for syphilis or malaria in 3 years study period. Conclusion:We conclude that seroprevalence of HBV was significantly higher than other infections in our area. Seropositivity for Syphilis and Malaria was not seen in our area.

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