Seroprevalence Survey for <i>Anaplasma marginale</i>‐Infection of Austrian Cattle

Baumgartner, Walter; Schlerka, G; Fumicz, M.; Stöger, Josef; Awad-Masalmeh, M.; Schuller, W.; Weber, P.

doi:10.1111/j.1439-0450.1992.tb01143.x

Cited by 10 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…The origin of the pathogens is not yet clear. In countries with warmer climates, such as Italy south of the Alps, all of the vector-borne pathogens mentioned are common (5,9,11), and mixed infections with several of these infectious agents have also been described in other parts of the world (25,32). It is well documented that climatic changes influence species distributions (35,53), and it had been speculated that with the global warming trend (31) species such as ticks can follow the warmer climate (6,30).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Concurrent Infections with Vector-Borne Pathogens Associated with Fatal Hemolytic Anemia in a Cattle Herd in Switzerland

Hofmann‐Lehmann¹,

Meli²,

Dreher³

et al. 2004

J Clin Microbiol

127

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Bovine anaplasmosis is a vector-borne disease that results in substantial economic losses in other parts of the world but so far not in northern Europe. In August 2002, a fatal disease outbreak was reported in a large dairy herd in the Swiss canton of Grisons. Diseased animals experienced fever, anorexia, agalactia, and depression. Anemia, ectoparasite infestation, and, occasionally, hemoglobinuria were observed. To determine the roles of vector-borne pathogens and to characterize the disease, blood samples were collected from all 286 animals: 50% of the cows were anemic. Upon microscopic examination of red blood cells, Anaplasma marginale inclusion bodies were found in 47% of the cows. The infection was confirmed serologically and by molecular methods. Interestingly, we also found evidence of infections with Anaplasma phagocytophilum, large Babesia and Theileria spp., and Mycoplasma wenyonii. The last two species had not previously been described in Switzerland. Anemia was significantly associated with the presence of the infectious agents detected, with the exception of A. phagocytophilum. Remarkably, concurrent infections with up to five infectious vector-borne agents were detected in 90% of the ill animals tested by PCR. We concluded that A. marginale was the major cause of the hemolytic anemia, while coinfections with other agents exacerbated the disease. This was the first severe disease outbreak associated with concurrent infections with vector-borne pathogens in alpine Switzerland; it was presumably curtailed by culling of the entire herd. It remains to be seen whether similar disease outbreaks will have to be anticipated in northern Europe in the future.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Concurrent Infections with Vector-Borne Pathogens Associated with Fatal Hemolytic Anemia in a Cattle Herd in Switzerland

Hofmann‐Lehmann¹,

Meli²,

Dreher³

et al. 2004

J Clin Microbiol

127

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“…In Europe the geographical distribution of ovine anaplasmosis is restricted to the southern countries, including France (Cuille and Chelle, 1936), Italy (de la Fuente et al, 2005), Turkey (Sayin et al, 1997), Greece (Papadopoulos, 1999), Bulgaria (Christova et al, 2003) and Southeast Romania (Ardeleanu et al, 2003). Similarly, A. marginale is endemic mainly to the Mediterranean-Balkanian countries: France (Poncet et al, 1987), Spain and Portugal (de la Fuente et al, 2004;Caeiro, 1999), Italy (de la Fuente et al, 2005), but it has also been reported in the northern latitude of the Alpean region (Baumgartner et al, 1992;Dreher et al, 2005a). In Hungary only sporadic occurrence of bovine anaplasmosis was recognized in an imported herd of cattle (Dankó et al, 1982).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

First serological and molecular evidence on the endemicity of Anaplasma ovis and A. marginale in Hungary

Hornok

Elek

Fuente

et al. 2007

Veterinary Microbiology

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Recurring and spontaneously curing spring haemoglobinuria was recently reported in a small sheep flock in a selenium deficient area of northern Hungary. In blood smears of two animals showing clinical signs, Anaplasma-like inclusion bodies were seen in erythrocytes. To extend the scope of the study, 156 sheep from 5 flocks and 26 cattle from 9 farms in the region were examined serologically with a competitive ELISA to detect antibodies to Anaplasma marginale, A. centrale and A. ovis. The seropositivity in sheep was 99.4%, and in cattle 80.8%. A. ovis and A. marginale were identified by PCR and sequence analysis of the major surface protein (msp) 4 gene in sheep and cattle, respectively. Haemoglobinuria, an unusual clinical sign for anaplasmosis might have been a consequence of transient intravascular haemolysis facilitated by selenium deficiency in recently infected sheep, as indicated by the reduction of mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC). Membrane damage was also demonstrated for parenchymal cells, since their enzymes showed pronounced elevation in the plasma. Ticks collected from animals in the affected as well as in neighbouring flocks revealed the presence of Dermacentor marginatus, Ixodes ricinus and D. reticulatus, with the dominance of the first. The present data extend the northern latitude in the geographical occurrence of ovine anaplasmosis in Europe and reveal the endemicity of A. ovis and A. marginale in Hungary.

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“…A. marginale infection in cattle and wild ruminants was reported in several parts of Europe, including the Mediterranean countries of Spain and Portugal [ 6 , 7 ], Italy [ 4 , 5 ], and occasionally in France [ 23 ], the Alpine region of Switzerland [ 8 , 17 ] and more recently in Hungary [ 10 ]. However, the epidemiology of anaplasmosis in Europe has not been thoroughly investigated and local vector species were not identified.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Anaplasmosis is endemic in tropical and sub-tropical regions where the disease constitutes a constraint to the cattle production. In Europe anaplasmosis is endemic in several Mediterranean countries including Italy [ 4 , 5 ], Portugal [ 6 ] and Spain [ 7 ], and has occasionally been reported in Austria [ 8 ], Switzerland [ 9 ] and Hungary [ 10 ]. Mechanical transmission of A. marginale is effected by blood-contaminated fomites, including hypodermic needles, castration instruments, ear tagging devices, tattooing instruments, and dehorning saws or by blood-contaminated mouthparts of biting flies [ 11 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental transmission of Anaplasma marginale by male Dermacentor reticulatus

et al. 2007

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Background: Bovine anaplasmosis has been reported in several European countries, but the vector competency of tick species for Anaplasma marginale from these localities has not been determined. Because of the wide distributional range of Dermacentor reticulatus within Europe and the major role of Dermacentor spp. as a vector of A. marginale in the United States, we tested the vector competency of D. reticulatus for A. marginale.

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Seroprevalence Survey for Anaplasma marginale‐Infection of Austrian Cattle

Cited by 10 publications

References 8 publications

Concurrent Infections with Vector-Borne Pathogens Associated with Fatal Hemolytic Anemia in a Cattle Herd in Switzerland

Concurrent Infections with Vector-Borne Pathogens Associated with Fatal Hemolytic Anemia in a Cattle Herd in Switzerland

First serological and molecular evidence on the endemicity of Anaplasma ovis and A. marginale in Hungary

Experimental transmission of Anaplasma marginale by male Dermacentor reticulatus

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