Serosurvey for Selected Parasitic and Bacterial Pathogens in Darwin's Fox (Lycalopex Fulvipes): Not Only Dog Diseases Are a Threat

Hidalgo-Hermoso, Ezequiel; Cabello, Javier; Verasay, Juan; Moreira‐Arce, Darío; Hidalgo, Marcos; Abalos, Pedro; Borie, César; Galarce, Nicolás; Napolitano, Constanza; Sacristán, Carlos; Cevidanes, Aitor; Ramírez-Toloza, Galia; Farías, Ariel A.; Cataldo, Sophia Di; Lagos, Rocio; Millán, Javier

doi:10.7589/jwd-d-21-00024

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…The exposure of captive pudus to T. gondii was significantly higher than that found in free-ranging animals, which is different from what has been reported in other cervid species worldwide [117]. Exposure to this protozoan had previously been described in captive populations of cervids from other countries in the region [81] and in other wild species in Chile [36], but not in native cervids. The seroprevalence in under-human-care pudus was lower than that reported (38.3%) for other captive cervid species in Chile [45].…”

Section: Toxoplasma Gondiicontrasting

confidence: 79%

“…but not in wildlife [36]. Our results describe the pudu as a new deer host species for N. caninum and the first report of these protozoa in under-human-care wild ruminant species in Chile.…”

Section: Neospora Caninummentioning

confidence: 54%

“…Further, no prior evidence of these viruses in the country has been reported, and only recently were mortality episodes caused by EHDV reported in cervids in Latin America in Brazil [127]. Likewise, it is also expected that no evidence of exposure will be detected for some livestock and zoonotic pathogens, such as Brucella abortus and Mycobacterium bovis, which have a very low prevalence in the country in their host reservoir, cattle, thanks to the governmental programs for control and eradication [36,68]. Our results for M. bovis are similar to those reported through molecular screening of feces and serology for free-ranging pudus and huemul, where they found no evidence of infection throughout their entire distribution [68].…”

Section: Other Pathogensmentioning

confidence: 99%

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High Exposure to Livestock Pathogens in Southern Pudu (Pudu puda) from Chile

Hidalgo-Hermoso,

Verasay Caviedes,

Pizarro-Lucero

et al. 2024

Animals

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A significant gap in exposure data for most livestock and zoonotic pathogens is common for several Latin America deer species. This study examined the seroprevalence against 13 pathogens in 164 wild and captive southern pudu from Chile between 2011 and 2023. Livestock and zoonotic pathogen antibodies were detected in 22 of 109 wild pudus (20.18%; 95% CI: 13.34–29.18) and 17 of 55 captive pudus (30.91%; 95% CI: 19.52–44.96), including five Leptospira interrogans serovars (15.38% and 10.71%), Toxoplasma gondii (8.57% and 37.50%), Chlamydia abortus (3.03% and 12.82%), Neospora caninum (0.00% and 9.52%), and Pestivirus (8.00% and 6.67%). Risk factors were detected for Leptospira spp., showing that fawn pudu have statistically significantly higher risk of positivity than adults. In the case of T. gondii, pudu living in “free-range” have a lower risk of being positive for this parasite. In under-human-care pudu, a Pestivirus outbreak is the most strongly suspected as the cause of abortions in a zoo in the past. This study presents the first evidence of Chlamydia abortus in wildlife in South America and exposure to T. gondii, L. interrogans, and N. caninum in wild ungulate species in Chile. High seroprevalence of livestock pathogens such as Pestivirus and Leptospira Hardjo in wild animals suggests a livestock transmission in Chilean template forest.

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Section: Toxoplasma Gondiicontrasting

confidence: 79%

Section: Neospora Caninummentioning

confidence: 54%

Section: Other Pathogensmentioning

confidence: 99%

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High Exposure to Livestock Pathogens in Southern Pudu (Pudu puda) from Chile

Hidalgo-Hermoso,

Verasay Caviedes,

Pizarro-Lucero

et al. 2024

Animals

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“…It is likely that the source of infection for pudu is of anthropogenic origin (livestock), or from exotic deer species, red deer, and/or fallow deer, which have been reported in the area (71) and have been commonly reported infected by C. burnetii in Europe (60,65), or from rodent species previously found to be a source of livestock coxiellosis (72). Other serological or molecular studies in dogs and Darwin fox (Lycalopex fulvipes) in the southern macrozone found no evidence of C. burnetii infection (18, 73,74). The finding of only one pudu being positive for the bacterium and the low prevalence of C. burnetii in Chile make serological and molecular screening necessary for a much larger number of pudu samples from the Los Lagos region, to evaluate their potential role as a host of infection for transmission to animals and humans.…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular survey and phylogenetic analysis of Bartonella sp., Coxiella sp., and hemoplamas in pudu (Pudu puda) from Chile: first report of Bartonella henselae in a wild ungulate species

Hidalgo-Hermoso,

Sepúlveda-García,

Cabello

et al. 2023

Front. Vet. Sci.

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IntroductionRecent evidence shows a high diversity of infectious agents in wildlife that represent a threat to human, domestic, and wild animal health. In Chile, wild populations of the most common cervid species, pudu (Pudu puda), have been reported as hosts for novel pathogens such as Mycoplasma ovis-like and a novel ecotype of Anaplasma phagocytophilum. A better understanding of the epidemiology of this group and other intracellular bacteria that might have cervids as hosts would enlighten their population relevance. This study aimed to determine the occurrence and genetic diversity of Bartonella spp., hemotropic mycoplasmas, and Coxiella burnetii in pudus from Chile.MethodsThe DNA was extracted from the blood samples of 69 wild free-ranging and 30 captive pudus from Chile. A combination of real-time (nouG gene for Bartonella and IS1111 element for C. burnetii) and conventional PCR (16S rRNA for hemotropic Mycoplasma spp. and rpoB, gltA, and ITS for Bartonella spp.) was used for pathogen screening and molecular characterization.ResultsDNA of Bartonella spp. was detected in 10.1% [95% CI (5.2–18.2%)] samples, hemotropic Mycoplasma spp. in 1.7% [95% CI (0.08–10.1%)], and C. burnetii in 1.0% [95% CI (0.05–6.3%)] samples. Two sequenced samples were identified as Mycoplasma ovis-like, and one free-ranging pudu was positive for C. burnetii. While one captive and two free-ranging pudus were positive for Bartonella henselae, one wild pudu was co-positive for B. henselae and Bartonella sp., similar to Bartonellae identified in ruminants.DiscussionTo the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of B. henselae in wild ungulate species, and C. burnetii and Bartonella spp. in wild ungulate species in South America. Further research will be necessary to evaluate the potential role of pudu as reservoirs of infection and identify the sources for disease transmission among humans and wild and domestic animals.

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Coxiella burnetii Infection in Livestock, Pets, Wildlife, and Ticks in Latin America and the Caribbean: a Comprehensive Review of the Literature

et al. 2023

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Purpose of the Review Q fever , a bacterial zoonosis caused by Coxiella burnetii, is reported very heterogeneously in humans in Latin America. The objective of this study was to review the data on Coxiella burnetii Infection in animals in Latin America and the Caribbean. Recent Findings A comprehensive literature review was carried out in the 47 countries and territories of Latin America on various search engines and grouped into four groups: livestock, pets, wildlife, and ticks. Summary Thus, 113 studies were selected between 1950 and 2022. Among the 47 countries, only 25 (53%) had at least one publication related to C. burnetii infection in animals. The most productive country was Brazil (N = 51), followed by French Guiana (N = 21), and Colombia (N = 16). Studies in livestock from 20 countries have shown widely varying country-to-country rates of seroprevalence, ranging from 0 to 67%. Some studies from seven countries, especially French Guiana and Brazil, found antibodies and sometimes positive PCR in dogs and cats, generally in the context of investigations around human clustered cases. Knowledge remained fragmented about infection in wildlife from only five countries (Chile, Colombia, Brazil, French Guiana, and Uruguay). C. burnetii infection was identified by PCR in Chiroptera (7 species), Rodentia (6 species), Suina (2 species), Xenartha (1 species), Cingulata (1 species), and Perissodactyla (1 species). Studies on Coxiella sp. in ticks have been performed in 11 countries, mostly in Brazil, and mainly found Coxiella-like endosymbionts. Thus, data on C. burnetii infection in animals are sparse and incomplete in Latin America and the Caribbean, and more research is warranted.

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Serosurvey for Selected Parasitic and Bacterial Pathogens in Darwin's Fox (Lycalopex Fulvipes): Not Only Dog Diseases Are a Threat

Cited by 3 publications

References 61 publications

High Exposure to Livestock Pathogens in Southern Pudu (Pudu puda) from Chile

High Exposure to Livestock Pathogens in Southern Pudu (Pudu puda) from Chile

Molecular survey and phylogenetic analysis of Bartonella sp., Coxiella sp., and hemoplamas in pudu (Pudu puda) from Chile: first report of Bartonella henselae in a wild ungulate species

Coxiella burnetii Infection in Livestock, Pets, Wildlife, and Ticks in Latin America and the Caribbean: a Comprehensive Review of the Literature

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