“…As a detection element in the sandwich sensors developed so far, the most frequently used were gold [9,24,28,31,34,35,37,38,43,45,47,56,58,61,63,70,77,78,80,83,84,87,91,94,95] and silver [9,27,40,55,60,65,79,82,88,92] nanoparticles (AuNPs and AgNPs) with a shape similar to a sphere and of various sizes. These nanoparticles were each functionalized with a selected Raman reporter and a detection antibody to enable identification and determination of cancer biomarkers.…”