Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations in Mid-adulthood and Parkinson's disease risk

Abstract

Background Low vitamin D levels are common among patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD). Experimental evidence further suggests that vitamin D may be protective against PD. Objectives We prospectively assessed the association between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D and PD among 12,762 participants of the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study cohort. Methods Serum samples were collected in 1990–1992 and 25-hydroxyvitamin D was measured by liquid chromatography mass spectrometry. A total of 67 incident PD cases were identified through December 31, 2008. The median length of follow-up was 17 years. We used Cox proportional hazards models to obtain hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals, adjusting for age, sex, and race. We did not find any association between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations and PD risk, regardless of how serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D was modeled. Compared to participants with serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D < 20 ng/mL, the hazards ratio for PD was 1.05 (95% confidence interval = 0.58, 1.90) for 20–30 ng/mL and 1.14 (95% confidence interval = 0.59, 2.23) for ≥ 30 ng/mL. Similar results were obtained in sensitivity analyses that included white participants only and that were stratified by the length of follow-up. Conclusion This prospective study lends no support to the hypothesis that vitamin D may reduce the risk of PD.

Serum Klotho, vitamin D, and homocysteine in combination predict the outcomes of Chinese patients with multiple system atrophy

“…These results were in accordance with the view that MSA share neuropathogeneses similarities with PD. Our data further suggest that Klt and 25(OH)D may act as a neuroprotective role in MSA and PD via attenuating inflammation . Therefore, in the assessment and diagnosis of MSA/PD, klt and 25(OH)D were found to be suitable in this study.…”

“…Significantly lower plasma Klt levels in MSA/PD patients implied that Klt may attribute to the pathogenesis of the disease . Recently, 25(OH)D has gained much attention due to its crucial role in the pathological mechanism of PD . Other reports have revealed that 25(OH)D deficiency may lead to a high risk of developing MS .…”

“…Another important feature of Klt is that it, together with 1,25‐dihydroxy25(OH)D (1,25‐(OH)2D), contributes to calcium (Ca)‐phosphorus (P) metabolism . Previous reports have shown that 25(OH)D is associated with inflammation and may involve in the pathogenesis of PD . Although both Klt and 25(OH)D are correlated with neuroinflammation and age‐related diseases, the association of Klt and 25(OH)D with MSA severity has not been systemically elucidated.…”

Reduced ability of calcitriol to promote augmented dopamine release in the lesioned striatum of aged rats

“…Additionally, a published vitamin D intervention study has demonstrated positive effects of vitamin D supplementation on clinical rating scales in PD patients (Suzuki et al, 2013), providing clinical evidence for a potential therapeutic role for vitamin D or calcitriol. However, not all studies have found an association between vitamin D levels and PD (Petersen et al, 2014; Shrestha et al, 2016). Thus, the link between low levels of vitamin D and PD is controversial, and may only apply to some individuals with PD.…”

Vitamin D in the Parkinson Associated Risk Syndrome (PARS) study

“…Complications exist, however. For example, the first epidemiological risk study from Finland found lower baseline vitamin D levels in individuals who went on to develop PD compared to those who did not, but the more recent prospective Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study cohort of almost 13,000 subjects found no association between baseline vitamin D levels and risk of PD 17 years later . Moreover, whereas studies involving populations with more advanced PD have consistently shown associations between decreased vitamin D and PD, they face potential confounding attributed to reduced sun exposure, leading to reduced dermal synthesis of Vitamin D, in patients with progressive motor limitations.…”