Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D, Ethnicity, and Blood Pressure in the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey

Abstract

Vitamin D status, which is amenable to intervention by safely increasing sun exposure or vitamin D supplementation, was associated inversely with BP in a large sample representative of the US population.

Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D and parathyroid hormone levels in relation to blood pressure in a cross-sectional study in older Chinese men

“…20 Although we did not find any association between serum 25OHD and blood pressure, previous crosssectional studies 16,33 have documented an inverse relationship between serum 25OHD and blood pressure. In the cross-sectional analyses restricted to 12 644 people aged 20 years and above, mean (standard error) SBP was 3.0 (0.7) mm Hg lower (P ¼ 0.0004) and DBP was 1.6 (0.6) mm Hg lower (P ¼ 0.011) for participants in the highest quintile (25OHDX85.7 nmol l À1 ) compared with the lowest (25OHDo40.4 nmol l À1 ), after adjustment for age, sex, ethnicity and physical activity.…”

“…These findings are supported by results of some observational studies, 31,32 but not the others. 16,21,33 In the Longitudinal Ageing Study Amsterdam, serum PTH rather than serum 25OHD was associated with SBP or DBP, or prevalence of hypertension in 1205 men and women aged 65 years and older after adjustment of potential confounders. 31 The result was consistent with that of the Ranch Bernardo Study.…”

“…In the cross-sectional analyses restricted to 12 644 people aged 20 years and above, mean (standard error) SBP was 3.0 (0.7) mm Hg lower (P ¼ 0.0004) and DBP was 1.6 (0.6) mm Hg lower (P ¼ 0.011) for participants in the highest quintile (25OHDX85.7 nmol l À1 ) compared with the lowest (25OHDo40.4 nmol l À1 ), after adjustment for age, sex, ethnicity and physical activity. 16 Evidence from prospective studies, however, are limited and mixed. One study reported no association between serum 25OHD and future hypertension or change in blood pressure, 17 whereas other studies demonstrated a positive association between plasma 25OHD and risk of developing hypertension.…”

“…10 Scragg et al reported an inverse association between serum 25OHD and blood pressure in the cross-sectional analysis, using data from 12 644 people aged X20 years without use of hypertensive medication in the Third US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. 16 Jorde et al, in the Tromsø Study, further confirmed this cross-sectional association, but failed to find a relation between change in serum 25OHD levels and change in blood pressure nor that serum 25OHD levels predict future hypertension. 17 An association between poor vitamin D status and blood pressure or hypertension could potentially be mediated by elevated parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels.…”

Calcium and vitamin D: Skeletal and extraskeletal health

“…In vivo studies have shown that vitamin D deficiency leads to decreased insulin production from pancreatic β cells, leading to impaired glucose tolerance. In the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, lower vitamin D status was associated with higher fasting glucose and 2-hour glucose after oral glucose tolerance test [37]. In case-control studies in children, vitamin D supplementation has been protective against developing type 1 diabetes later in life [1••].…”