Serum Adipokine Concentrations in Dogs with Naturally Occurring Pituitary‐Dependent Hyperadrenocorticism

Abstract

BackgroundAn excess of intra‐abdominal fat is observed frequently in dogs with hyperadrenocorticism (HAC). Adipokine dysregulation is a possible cause of complications related to visceral obesity, but little information is available on adipokine in dogs with naturally occurring HAC.ObjectivesTo examine the differences in the circulating adipokines concentrations in overweight dogs with and without pituitary‐dependent HAC (PDH).AnimalsThirty healthy dogs and 15 client‐owned dogs with PDH.MethodsCase–controlled observational study, which enrolled 15 overweight dogs diagnosed with PDH and 30 otherwise healthy dogs of similar body condition score. Nine of 15 dogs with PDH were treated with low‐dose trilostane twice daily and reassessed after treatment.ResultsThe serum leptin (P < .0001) and insulin (P < .0001) concentrations were significantly higher in the PDH group (leptin, 22.8 ± 8.8 [mean ± SD]; insulin, 9.1 ± 6.1) than the healthy group (leptin, 4.9 ± 3.7; insulin, 1.9 ± 0.9). However, there were no significant differences in the adiponectin, resistin, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐α, interleukin (IL)‐1β, IL‐6, IL‐10, and IL‐18 levels between the 2 groups. In the PDH group, the serum cortisol concentrations had a linear association with the leptin concentrations, and there were significant decreases in the leptin (P = .0039) and insulin (P = .0039) levels after trilostane treatment. However, the leptin and insulin levels remained higher after trilostane treatment than in healthy control dogs with similar body condition score.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceHypercortisolemia in dogs with PDH might upregulate the circulating leptin levels. However, a large population‐based study will be necessary to determine whether the upregulation of leptin is involved directly with the complications caused by HAC.

Increased Leptin and Leptin Receptor Expression in Dogs With Gallbladder Mucocele

“…Therefore, it was hypothesized that leptin concentrations would be even higher in patients with both GBM and an endocrinopathy compared to those with only 1 disease but this was not the case in the our study. The association between leptin and endocrinopathies as well the association between leptin and GBM has been identified in several previous studies . Accordingly, we expected to observe a higher serum leptin concentration in GBM patients with concurrent endocrinopathy than in cases of either disease alone but this synergistic effect of GBM and endocrinopathies on leptin concentration could not be clearly identified in our study.…”

“…Previous studies have suggested that leptin has a synergistic interaction with endocrinopathies such as hyperadrenocorticism, hypothyroidism, and diabetes mellitus, which were associated with increased leptin concentrations . In addition, a case–control study showed that these endocrinopathies were associated with GBM; in particular, the presence of hyperadrenocorticism increased the morbidity of GBM 29‐fold .…”

“…Moreover, as with most retrospective studies, an accurate grouping and history control could be limited by failure to document a complete diagnostic and medication history in the medical record. Previous studies suggested that treatment could attenuate alterations in leptin in dogs with hypothyroidism or hyperadrenocorticism . Because the dogs with endocrinopathies already were being treated at the time of sample collection, both the potential misclassification of dogs and treatment of the dogs with endocrinopathies may have influenced the difference in leptin concentration between dogs with and without endocrinopathies.…”

Repeatability of Oral Sugar Test Results, Glucagon‐Like Peptide‐1 Measurements, and Serum High‐Molecular‐Weight Adiponectin Concentrations in Horses

“…A canine‐specific ELISA for total adiponectin is available for use and a negative correlation with body condition score ( r = −0.446, P < .01; n = 100) has been reported in dogs . There was no difference in total adiponectin concentrations when overweight dogs with and without pituitary‐dependent hyperadrenocorticism were compared, but lower total adiponectin concentrations were detected in dogs with newly diagnosed diabetes mellitus, compared with healthy dogs in horses . Additional research is required to determine whether HMW adiponectin concentrations are altered by management changes and medical treatments for ID.…”

Serum Adipokine Concentrations in Dogs with Acute Pancreatitis

“…Twelve intact bitches were also excluded. At follow‐up after AP treatment, 4 dogs were removed from the study because of hyperadrenocorticism, which has been reported to affect circulating adipokines concentrations . Thus, 25 dogs with AP were included in this study.…”