Serum amino acid profile in patients with Parkinson’s disease

Abstract

Amino acids play numerous roles in the central nervous system, serving as neurotransmitters, neuromodulators and regulators of energy metabolism. The free amino acid profile in serum of Parkinson’s disease (PD) patients may be influenced by neurodegeneration, mitochondrial dysfunction, malabsorption in the gastroenteric tract and received treatment. The aim of our study was the evaluation of the profile of amino acid concentrations against disease progression. We assessed the amino acid profile in the serum of 73 patients divided into groups with early PD, late PD with dyskinesia and late PD without dyskinesia. Serum amino acid analysis was performed by high-pressure liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. We observed some significant differences amongst the groups with respect to concentrations of alanine, arginine, phenylalanine and threonine, although no significant differences were observed between patients with advanced PD with and without dyskinesia. We conclude that this specific amino acid profile could serve as biochemical marker of PD progression.

Parkinson's disease and glutamate excitotoxicity

“…В одном из недавно проведенных исследований [15] были обнаружены более высокая концентрация глутамата в сыворотке крови и ее корреляция с продолжительностью заболевания (более низкая его концентрация у пациентов с длительным течением БП).…”

“…В одних работах [12,13] сообщалось о повышении концентрации глутамата в сыворотке крови и ее снижении в цереброспинальной жидкости (ЦСЖ) у пациентов с БП по сравнению с контролем, в других [12,14] -об отсутствии различий с контрольной группой. В недавнем исследовании [15] обнаружена слабая, но значительная отрицательная корреляция между концентрацией глутамата и продолжительностью БП.…”

A Computational Model of Levodopa-Induced Toxicity in Substantia Nigra Pars Compacta in Parkinson’s Disease

“…To alleviate PD symptoms, the most potent drug, LDOPA, a precursor of DA, is typically administrated (Jankovic and Aguilar, 2008). During medication, serum LDOPA is taken up from the blood into the extracellular fluid by aromatic L-amino acid transporter by competing with other amino acids (Camargo et al, 2014;Figura et al, 2018). L-DOPA, thus absorbed into the bloodstream, later enters SNc terminals and gets converted to DA by aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase (Khor and Hsu, 2007).…”

Cerebrospinal and blood levels of amino acids as potential biomarkers for Parkinson’s disease: review and meta‐analysis

“…Classical studies addressing CSF and serum/plasma concentrations of amino acids in PD patients have been largely inconclusive and have shown high variability, which may be related with several factors such as sample size, differences in the handling and storage of samples or in the study methodologies, the lack of a control group or adequate matching between PD patients and controls, and differences in antiparkinsonian therapies [1]. In recent years, there has been an increasing interest in the potential of proteomics/metabolomics multi-analyte profiles both in CSF [3][4][5][6] and/or in serum/plasma [3,[5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14] to discriminate PD patients from controls.…”

“…Embase, MEDLINE and the Core Collection of the Web of Science) up to 14 March 2020. The search strategy used the terms 'Parkinson's Disease', 'Cerebrospinal fluid' and 'Blood', which were crossed with the terms 'amino acids' (1853, 185, 110 and 264 items), 'glutamate' (84, 444, 59 and 170 items), 'glutamine' (16, 86, 13 and 21 items), 'glycine' (27,83,25 and 30 items), 'aspartate' (77, 237, 63 and 76 items), 'asparagine' (4, 9, 3 and 1 items), 'GABA or gammaaminobutyric acid' (62, 92, 46 and 54 items), 'phosphoserine' (2, 5, 2 and 1 items), 'taurine' (10, 32, 10 and 9 items), 'phosphoethanolamine' (3, 3, 1 and 1 items), 'threonine' (105, 96, 90 and 24 items), 'serine' (145, 172, 100 and 44 items), 'alanine' (34,216,33 and 29 items), 'citrulline' (2, 13, 2 and 8 items), 'alpha-aminobutyric acid' (6, 39, 1 and 4 items), 'betaaminobutyric acid' (2, 32, 0 and 3 items), 'valine' (11,31,9, and 7 items), 'cystine' (3, 13, 3 and 4 items), 'methionine' (43, 90, 36 and 29 items), 'isoleucine' (7,18, 6 and 4 items), 'leucine' (98, 31, 87 and 82 items), 'tyrosine' (1174, 745, 278 and 408 items), 'phenylalanine' (1533, 73, 30 and 24 items), 'tryptophan' (65, 116, 49 and 54 items), 'ethanolamine' (186, 18, 5 and 5 items), 'ornithine' (4, 21, 4 and 3 items), 'lysine' (15, 56, 10 and 13 items), 'histidine' (9, 24, 8 and 16 items), 'arginine'' (36,108, 33 and 37 items), 'homocarnosine' (2, 1, 2 and 1 items), 'homocysteine' (141, 287, 135 and 75 items), 'sarcosine' (1, 2, 1 and 1 items), 'alpha aminoadipic acid' (1, 1, 5 and 1 items), '4-hydroxyproline' (1, 0, 1 and 0 items) and 'proline' (11, 43, 9 and 8 items). The whole search retrieved 1927 references.…”