2005
DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m500490200
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Serum Amyloid A Protein Binds to Outer Membrane Protein A of Gram-negative Bacteria

Abstract: Serum amyloid A (SAA) is the major acute phase protein in man and most mammals. We observed SAA binding to a surprisingly large number of Gram-negative bacteria, including Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium, Shigella flexneri, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Vibrio cholerae, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The binding was found to be high affinity and rapid. Importantly, this binding was not inhibited by high density lipoprotein with which SAA is normally complexed in serum. Binding was also observed when bacteria we… Show more

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Cited by 126 publications
(103 citation statements)
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“…TLR activation recruits several downstream factors regulating the expression of immune relevant genes (such as pro-inflammatory cytokine genes). The pattern recognition functions of SAA have also been identified with binding to a range of Gram-negative bacteria (Hari-Dass et al, 2005). Thereby, SAA up-regulation observed in this study may contribute to the establishment of an efficient reptilian immune response and TLR signaling pathway, and serve as a main APP and biomarker of infection, especially at the early stage, in reptiles.…”
Section: Saa Is a Major Indicator Of Bacterial Infection Especially supporting
confidence: 56%
“…TLR activation recruits several downstream factors regulating the expression of immune relevant genes (such as pro-inflammatory cytokine genes). The pattern recognition functions of SAA have also been identified with binding to a range of Gram-negative bacteria (Hari-Dass et al, 2005). Thereby, SAA up-regulation observed in this study may contribute to the establishment of an efficient reptilian immune response and TLR signaling pathway, and serve as a main APP and biomarker of infection, especially at the early stage, in reptiles.…”
Section: Saa Is a Major Indicator Of Bacterial Infection Especially supporting
confidence: 56%
“…Thus, the structural malleability of SAA1.1 and SAA2.2 we observed in vitro may reflect the in vivo properties of SAA proteins to allow the regulation of their many putative functions related to cholesterol metabolism and the inflammatory responses (34). Furthermore, it would help explain how a small (103-104 residues) and marginally stable protein like SAA is able to interact in vivo with many binding partners, including HDL, cholesterol (37), outer membrane protein (38), heparin (39), extracellular matrix glycoproteins (40), and platelets (41).…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Indeed, SAA has been shown to bind to the outer membrane protein A of a large number of Gram-negative bacteria and to be involved in opsonization of these bacteria. 32,33 The observations that SAA binds to HCV and has an antiviral activity against this virus provide experimental evidence that SAA can have a direct effect against pathogens. This observation is in favor of a role for SAA in the innate immune response against HCV.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%