Serum and synovial fluid C-reactive protein level variations in dogs with degenerative joint disease and their relationships with physiological parameters

Abstract

Degenerative joint disease (DJD) is a progressive, chronic joint disease with an inflammatory component promoting an acute phase protein (APP) response. C-reactive protein (CRP) is one of the most important APPs, used as an inflammation marker in human, but not veterinary medicine. The study was developed in a sample of 48 dogs (n = 48) with DJD and aimed to: 1) identify and quantify the synovial fluid CRP (SFCRP) in these specimens using a validated ELISA test for serum CRP (SCRP) detection and quantification; and 2) to study the possible relationship between SCRP and SFCRP levels variations in DJD patients evaluating the influence of some physical parameters such as gender, body weight, pain level, DJD grade, and the physical activity (PA) of the patients. Statistical analysis considered the results significant for p values <0.05. Our study showed that it is possible to detect and quantify SFCRP levels in DJD patients using a previously validated canine SCRP ELISA test, allowing us to point out a preliminary reference value for SFCRP in patients with DJD. Although, individuals with DJD presents SCRP values within the normal reference range and the SFCRP levels were always lower. Obesity, pain, and the DJD grade presented by the patients are conditions which seem to influence the SCRP levels but not the SFCRP.

The influence of IL-1 and C-reactive protein levels in synovial fluid of companion dogs with bilateral hip osteoarthritis on various clinical disease parameters

“…However, in cases of OA from other anatomical locations, synovial CRP levels were lower. 30 In this study, we have observed CRP synovial levels, similar to what has previously been recorded in dogs with knee OA (2.5 mg/dL in this study vs 2.22 mg/dL). 30 Registered serum levels were higher than what has been recorded in a cohort of dogs with OA (0.8 mg/dL in this study vs 0.05 mg/dL).…”

“…The serum was then collected and frozen at -20 °C until the analysis. 30 Determination of CRP and IL-1β concentrations was made using the DuoSet Ancillary Canine IL-1β Reagent kit (R&D Systems), read with a FLUOstar OPTIMA (BMG Labtech), and Fuji Dri-Chem Slides VC-CRP PS (FUJIFILM), read with a DRIChem NX500i (FUJIFILM).…”

Measurement of serum C-reactive protein concentration for discriminating between suppurative arthritis and osteoarthritis in dogs

“…This is in contrast to other markers of systemic inflammation such as fever and evaluation of the leukogram [21, 22]. Because serum CRP concentrations have been reported to be substantially elevated in suppurative arthritis [23, 24], but not in OA [25, 26], our hypothesis was that this marker should help differentiate between these two conditions. The aim of this study was to investigate whether measurement of serum CRP concentration could discriminate between dogs with suppurative arthritis and dogs with OA, and between dogs with septic suppurative and immune-mediated suppurative arthritis.…”

Canine synovial fluid biomarkers for early detection and monitoring of osteoarthritis

“…Another remarkable finding from this concise literature review is that in addition to their diagnostic potential, most biomarkers could be used to differentiate between the various stages of OA (Hay and others 1997, Fujita and others 2005, Boal and Miguel Carreira 2015. The IL-6 biomarker even demonstrated a different relation to the degree of OA dependent on the orthopaedic disease, such as CCLR versus HD (Fujita and others 2005).…”

“…The concentrations of CRP in stifle joints with naturally occurring CCLR are significantly higher than those in normal stifle joints (Bennett and others 2013). In contrast, the concentration of CRP in synovial fluid from stifle joints with OA of different origins, including CCLR, is lower compared to that of control joints (Boal and Carreira 2015) (Table 3). The CRP concentration in stifle joints with OA is higher in females, in painful joints and in stifle joints with obvious radiographic signs of OA (Boal and Carreira 2015).…”