Serum Anti-Müllerian Hormone Levels in Healthy Females: A Nomogram Ranging from Infancy to Adulthood

Fong, Sharon Lie; Visser, Jenny A.; Welt, Corrine K.; Rijke, Yolanda B. de; Eijkemans, Marinus J.C.; Broekmans, Frank J.; Roes, Eva Maria; Peters, W.H.M.; Hokken-Koelega, Anita; Fauser, Bart C.J.M.; Themmen, Axel P. N.; Jong, Frank H. de; Schipper, I.; Laven, Joop S.E.

doi:10.1210/jc.2012-1440

Cited by 215 publications

(103 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Larger cohorts are necessary to study this association in the future. In healthy females, AFC and AMH correlate very well (39), but this study shows that this correlation is weak among CCS. This may be due to the fact that follicular AMH expression is lower in CCS treated with gonadotoxic therapies.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 56%

Decreased ovarian function is associated with obesity in very long-term female survivors of childhood cancer

Dorp

Blijdorp

Laven³

et al. 2013

European Journal of Endocrinology

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Objective: Obesity and gonadal dysfunction are known major side effects of treatment in adult childhood cancer survivors (CCS). In the general population, obesity has a negative influence on female fertility. We aimed to evaluate whether obesity and serum insulin are associated with decreased ovarian reserve markers in CCS. Design: Retrospective single-center cohort study. Methods: Data of 191 female survivors of childhood cancer were analyzed. Median follow-up time was 18.8 (2.3-48.8) years. Outcome measures were serum anti-Mü llerian hormone (AMH) and total follicle count (FC). Potential risk factors were: BMI; body composition measures, determined by dualenergy X-ray absorptiometry (total fat percentage, lean body mass, and visceral fat percentage); and fasting insulin. Results: Lower serum AMH was found in obese subjects (b (%) K49, PZ0.007) and in subjects with fasting insulin in the highest tertile (b (%) K43, PZ0.039). Total fat percentage tends to be associated with serum AMH (b (%) K2.1, PZ0.06). Survivors in the highest tertile of insulin had significantly lower FC than survivors in the lowest tertile (b K6.3, PZ0.013). BMI and other measures of body composition were not associated with FC. Correlation between serum AMH and antral follicle count (AFC) was rZ0.32 (PZ0.08). Conclusions: Obesity and insulin resistance are associated with gonadal damage, as reflected by decreased AMH and reduced FC in adult survivors of childhood cancer. In contrast to its highly predictive value for AFC in the healthy female population, serum AMH does not seem to correlate as well with AFC in CCS.European Journal of Endocrinology 168 905-912

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 56%

Decreased ovarian function is associated with obesity in very long-term female survivors of childhood cancer

Dorp

Blijdorp

Laven³

et al. 2013

European Journal of Endocrinology

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“…The AMH levels that were observed in our study are slightly higher than those previously reported in studies performed in adult women with PCOS [25, 27-30]. This difference may be partially explained by the fact that higher AMH levels are found in younger women than in older women [31, 32]. A recent publication by Lie Fong et al [33] used cluster analysis to define the AMH threshold levels for the diagnosis of PCOM and showed that higher serum AMH levels should be used in young women.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 76%

New Diagnostic Criteria of Polycystic Ovarian Morphology for Adolescents: Impact on Prevalence and Hormonal Profile

et al. 2017

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Background: The ultrasonographic criteria used to identify polycystic ovarian morphology (PCOM) during adolescence have changed over time. Recently, a Worldwide Pediatric Consensus (PedC) defined PCOM using stricter criteria than the previous recommendations of the Rotterdam Consensus (RC) and Androgen Excess-Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome Society (AES/PCOS) criteria. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of PCOM in healthy adolescents according to the 3 reported diagnostic criteria and compare the hormonal profile in females with and without PCOM based on the PedC criteria. Methods: Nonobese adolescents (n = 102) with regular menstrual cycles were studied. Transabdominal ultrasound and hormonal profiles were assessed during the follicular phase. PCOM was defined on the basis of the 3 published criteria. Results: On the basis of the PedC, RC, and AES/PCOS criteria, PCOM was diagnosed in 13, 34, and 24% of adolescents, respectively. Adolescents with and without PCOM according to the PedC criteria had similar androgen levels. Serum anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) levels were elevated in adolescents with PCOM, irrespective of the criteria used. Conclusions: Use of the new PedC diagnostic criteria for PCOM results in a lower prevalence of this ultrasonographic pattern in adolescents, but this condition is not associated with hyperandrogenism. Elevated AMH is associated with PCOM in adolescents regardless of the criteria used to determine the ultrasonographic pattern.

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“…In addition, this patient was treated with cyclophosphamide, which has clearly been shown to reduce ovarian reserve 24,25 . In fact, this child’s AMH levels indicated diminished ovarian reserve comparable to that of an adult female towards the end of her reproductive life 26 . Therefore, the presence of apparently normal ovarian function at the completion of chemotherapy and menarche should not be interpreted as evidence of lack of gonadal damage from chemotherapy.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 82%

Oocyte Cryopreservation for Fertility Preservation in Postpubertal Female Children at Risk for Premature Ovarian Failure Due to Accelerated Follicle Loss in Turner Syndrome or Cancer Treatments

Oktay¹,

Bedoschi²

2014

Journal of Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology

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Objective To preliminarily study the feasibility of oocyte cryopreservation in post-pubertal girls aged between 13 and 15 years who were at risk for premature ovarian failure due to the accelerated follicle loss associated with Turner’s Syndrome or cancer treatments. Design Retrospective cohort and review of literature. Setting Academic fertility preservation unit. Participants Three girls diagnosed with Turner syndrome, one girl diagnosed with germ-cell tumor and one girl diagnosed with lymphoblastic leukemia. Interventions Assessment of ovarian reserve, ovarian stimulation, oocyte retrieval, in vitro maturation, and mature oocyte cryopreservation. Main Outcome Measure Response to ovarian stimulation, number of mature oocytes cryopreserved and complications, if any. Results Mean AMH, baseline FSH, Estradiol and antral follicle counts were 1.30 ± 0.39, 6.08 ± 2.63, 41.39 ± 24.68, 8.0 ± 3.2; respectively. In Turner girls the ovarian reserve assessment indicated already diminished ovarian reserve. Ovarian stimulation and oocyte cryopreservation was successfully performed in all female children referred for fertility preservation. A range of 4–11 mature oocytes (mean 8.1 ± 3.4) was cryopreserved without any complications. All girls tolerated the procedure well. Conclusions Oocyte cryopreservation is a feasible technique in selected female children at risk for premature ovarian failure. Further studies would be beneficial to test the success of oocyte cryopreservation in young girls.

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Serum Anti-Müllerian Hormone Levels in Healthy Females: A Nomogram Ranging from Infancy to Adulthood

Cited by 215 publications

References 37 publications

Decreased ovarian function is associated with obesity in very long-term female survivors of childhood cancer

Decreased ovarian function is associated with obesity in very long-term female survivors of childhood cancer

New Diagnostic Criteria of Polycystic Ovarian Morphology for Adolescents: Impact on Prevalence and Hormonal Profile

Oocyte Cryopreservation for Fertility Preservation in Postpubertal Female Children at Risk for Premature Ovarian Failure Due to Accelerated Follicle Loss in Turner Syndrome or Cancer Treatments

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