Serum Biochemical Phenotypes in the Domestic Dog

Abstract

The serum or plasma biochemical profile is essential in the diagnosis and monitoring of systemic disease in veterinary medicine, but current reference intervals typically take no account of breed-specific differences. Breed-specific hematological phenotypes have been documented in the domestic dog, but little has been published on serum biochemical phenotypes in this species. Serum biochemical profiles of dogs in which all measurements fell within the existing reference intervals were retrieved from a large veterinary database. Serum biochemical profiles from 3045 dogs were retrieved, of which 1495 had an accompanying normal glucose concentration. Sixty pure breeds plus a mixed breed control group were represented by at least 10 individuals. All analytes, except for sodium, chloride and glucose, showed variation with age. Total protein, globulin, potassium, chloride, creatinine, cholesterol, total bilirubin, ALT, CK, amylase, and lipase varied between sexes. Neutering status significantly impacted all analytes except albumin, sodium, calcium, urea, and glucose. Principal component analysis of serum biochemical data revealed 36 pure breeds with distinctive phenotypes. Furthermore, comparative analysis identified 23 breeds with significant differences from the mixed breed group in all biochemical analytes except urea and glucose. Eighteen breeds were identified by both principal component and comparative analysis. Tentative reference intervals were generated for breeds with a distinctive phenotype identified by comparative analysis and represented by at least 120 individuals. This is the first large-scale analysis of breed-specific serum biochemical phenotypes in the domestic dog and highlights potential genetic components of biochemical traits in this species.

Algerian Indigenous Dog: Hemato-biochemical Profile in Healthy and Gastroenteritis Diseased Case

“…A comparison of the values of the serum biochemical parameters in males and females revealed a significant and slightly higher concentration of creatinine in male dogs than females (1.32 ± 0.07 vs. 0.86 ± 0.09 mg/dl; p<0.01). The same finding was observed by (Chang et al, 2016). This increase reflects the larger muscle size and volume of male dogs.…”

Interbreed variation of biomarkers of lipid and glucose metabolism in dogs

“…When interpreting laboratory results, species‐specific reference intervals (RIs) are used to identify abnormal values. However, within‐species genotypic variation can also significantly influence phenotypes . Indeed, differences in expected values of biochemical analytes associated to ORMD have been reported for certain canine breeds, such as lower cholesterol and insulin concentrations in Miniature Dachshunds, and higher free fatty acids (FFA) and cholesterol concentrations in Shetland Sheepdogs .…”

Baseline haematological, serum biochemical and some urine parameters in Nigerian indigenous dogs

“…Haematological and serum biochemical profiles of dogs are essential in the diagnosis and monitoring of systemic diseases in veterinary medicine. However, reference intervals currently in use typically take no account of breed-specific differences (Chang et al, 2016). This present study was therefore, aimed at establishing the baseline haematological, serum biochemical and urine parameters of dogs presented to Veterinary Teaching Hospital (VTH), Ahmadu Bello University (A.B.U), Zaria, Nigeria and also to investigate the influence of sex and age on these values.…”