Serum Concentrations of Retinol, α-Tocopherol and the Carotenoids Are Influenced by Diet, Race and Obesity in a Sample of Healthy Adolescents

Neuhouser, Marian L.; Rock, Cheryl L.; Eldridge, Alison L.; Kristal, Alan R.; Patterson, Ruth E.; Cooper, David C.; Neumark‐Sztainer, Dianne; Cheskin, Lawrence J.; Thornquist, Mark

doi:10.1093/jn/131.8.2184

Cited by 151 publications

(130 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…The modest strength of the correlation coefficients observed is in the same range to those described in previous papers (Hercberg et al, 1994;Albanes et al, 1997;Neuhouser et al, 2001;Wallstrom et al, 2001). In the present study, alcohol consumers had significantly lower serum concentrations of b-carotene but higher concentrations of selenium than nonconsumers.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…A second explanation could be that the estimates of b-carotene and fibre intakes among obese individuals fail to detect a lower consumption of foods that would increase serum b-carotene concentrations. Specific studies have found an inverse association between serum a-tocopherol and BMI among adults or adolescents (Gascon-Vila et al, 1997;Rock et al, 1999;Neuhouser et al, 2001;White et al, 2001). The basis for lower serum concentrations of nutrients in obese people compared with nonobese people remains speculative, but it has been suggested that dietary differences and variability in body compartmental sizes are likely explanations (Strauss, 1999).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Serum concentrations of β-carotene, vitamins C and E, zinc and selenium are influenced by sex, age, diet, smoking status, alcohol consumption and corpulence in a general French adult population

Fe²,

et al. 2005

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Objective: To assess relationships between energy, nutrient and food intakes, alcohol consumption, smoking status and body mass index (BMI), and serum concentrations of b-carotene, a-tocopherol, vitamin C, selenium and zinc. Methods: Data on health status, alcohol consumption, smoking habits, anthropometric data and biochemical measurements were obtained in 1821 women aged 35-60 y and 1307 men aged 45-60 y, participant to the SU.VI.MAX Study. Data on dietary intake were available on a subsample who reported six 24-h dietary records during the first 18 months of the study. Results: Women had higher baseline serum b-carotene and vitamin C concentrations and lower concentration for serum vitamin E, zinc and selenium than men. In women, younger age was associated with lowered mean concentration of serum b-carotene, vitamin E and selenium. In men, only differences were observed for serum zinc, which was lower in older men. Current smokers of both sexes had significantly lower concentrations of serum b-carotene, vitamin C and selenium, and, only in women, of vitamin E, than nonsmokers. Alcohol consumers had lower concentrations of serum b-carotene and higher selenium concentrations. Serum b-carotene and vitamin C concentrations were lower in obese subjects. There were positive associations of dietary b-carotene, vitamin C and E with their serum concentrations. Age, nutrient and alcohol intakes, serum cholesterol, BMI and smoking status explained 15.2% of the variance of serum b-carotene in men and 13.9% in women, and 10.8 and 10.0% for serum vitamin C, and 26.3 and 28.6% for serum vitamin E, respectively. Conclusion: Serum antioxidant nutrient concentrations are primarily influenced by sex, age, obesity, tobacco smoking, alcohol consumption and especially dietary intake of those antioxidant nutrients. IntroductionCigarette smoking, obesity and some dietary patterns are well-known risk factors for both cardiovascular disease and cancer (WCRF/AIC; Kromhout, 2001). Yet, in the past several years, an increasing number of basic and clinical studies have pointed to the role of the reactive metabolites of oxygen, the free radicals, in these pathological processes, and the potential protective effect of antioxidant nutrients such as bcarotene, vitamin C, vitamin E, selenium and zinc (Ames, Halliwell & Gutteridge, 1989;Diplock, 1991;Byers & Perry, 1992;Frei, 1994;Hercberg et al, 1998a).Epidemiological data from cross-sectional, case-control, and prospective studies have shown a strong relationship between the intake of foods rich in antioxidant vitamins and minerals, or the actual intake of these nutrients, and the risk of cancer and ischaemic cardiovascular diseases (CVD) (Block et al, 1992;Stampfer & Rimm, 1993;Byers & Guerrero, 1995;Kohlmeier & Hastings, 1995;Stampfer & Rimm, 1995;Hercberg et al, 1998a). However, most of published randomized placebo-controlled primary prevention trials have not been able to demonstrate these potential beneficial effects (Blot et al, 1993; The AlphaTocopherol, Beta Carotene Cancer Preventi...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serum concentrations of β-carotene, vitamins C and E, zinc and selenium are influenced by sex, age, diet, smoking status, alcohol consumption and corpulence in a general French adult population

Fe²,

et al. 2005

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“…The significant increase in plasma retinol concentration with age in boys and girls has also been reported in national samples of young people living in the USA (Lewis et al, 1990;Ballew et al, 2001;Neuhoser et al, 2001). This increase probably reflects larger liver vitamin A stores that reflect normal physiological changes with growth and does not necessarily indicate better vitamin A status with ageing.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 53%

Zinc and vitamin A intake and status in a national sample of British young people aged 4–18 y

2004

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Objective: To examine zinc and vitamin A intake and status and associated dietary, socio-demographic, lifestyle and physiological factors in British young people. Design: National Diet and Nutrition Survey of young people aged 4-18 y. Setting: Great Britain, 1997. Subjects: Complete 7-day weighed dietary records were provided by 1520 participants, while 1193 provided blood samples. Results: A total of 13 and 11% of participants respectively reported low dietary intakes of zinc and vitamin A (retinol equivalents), relative to the UK lower reference nutrient intake. These percentages were not altered significantly by including contributions to intake from supplements, mainly containing vitamin A (as retinol). Likelihood of low zinc and/or vitamin A intake was more often associated with age, sex and likely under-reporting of food consumption than with other sociodemographic and lifestyle factors. Low zinc and vitamin A intakes were generally less likely in those with higher consumption of dairy foods (mainly milk). Zinc and vitamin A status (assessed by plasma zinc and retinol concentrations) were adequate in almost all participants. Plasma zinc concentration was not significantly associated with zinc intake. Plasma retinol concentration was correlated with vitamin A intake (overall r ¼ 0.17, Po0.001; adjusted for age and plasma a 1 -antichymotrypsin concentration) and increased significantly with age (Po0.001) in both sexes. A significant association was found between plasma zinc and retinol concentrations in boys only (r ¼ 0.17, P ¼ 0.001). Conclusion: Zinc and vitamin A intakes and status were generally adequate in this national sample of British young people. Sponsorship:Food Standards Agency, UK.

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“…We found an inverse association between energy intake and serum retinol and -tocopherol concentrations. This is in agreement with some previous studies [45][46][47], but others have shown positive or no relation of energy intake to blood -tocopherol or retinol levels [14,47,48].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

HPLC Assessment and Multivariate Predictability of Serum Retinol and α-Tocopherol Concentrations in Adult Female Subjects

Jaworowska¹,

Bazylak²

2008

TOCBMJ

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Antioxidant vitamins have been reported to protect against a variety of human malignances and multiple chronic degenerative diseases therefore it is important to understand factors that influence their blood levels. The present study was conducted to verify association of serum retinol and -tocopherol levels with obesity, and to assess predictors of their serum concentrations in representative sample population of overweight/obese (n = 51) and normal weight (n = 26) apparently healthy adult female subjects recruited from typical urban area in Poland. Anthropometric measurements were taken from all participants who also completed a questionnaire on selected lifestyle factors. The serum concentrations of retinol and -tocopherol were measured by fully validated Chromsystems diagnostic kit employing isocratic RP-HPLC with switched wavelength UV detection. Intake of energy, fat, vitamin A and E and alcohol consumption were estimated by seven daily dietary records. Multivariate linear regression models were fitted in order to estimate the predictors of serum retinol and -tocopherol concentration. There were no statistically significant differences in the average serum levels of retinol and -tocopherol between overweight/obese and normal weight adult female subjects. Serumtocopherol concentrations were positively correlated with serum total cholesterol level (TChol) and body mass index (BMI), but inversely with total energy intake and past dieting behaviour. The TChol and total energy intake were identified as predictors of serum retinol levels. Intakes of fat and vitamin E and A, age, serum triglyceride concentration, smoking, alcohol consumption and physical activity were unrelated to serum levels of retinol or -tocopherol. The main finding of this study is that obesity is not associated with decreased serum retinol and -tocopherol levels. In addition, these results indicated that dietary intake of vitamin A and E are poor predictors for serum retinol or -tocopherol concentrations. Serum levels of both these vitamins are primarily influenced by TChol, obesity, total energy intake and past dieting behaviour.

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Serum Concentrations of Retinol, α-Tocopherol and the Carotenoids Are Influenced by Diet, Race and Obesity in a Sample of Healthy Adolescents

Cited by 151 publications

References 43 publications

Serum concentrations of β-carotene, vitamins C and E, zinc and selenium are influenced by sex, age, diet, smoking status, alcohol consumption and corpulence in a general French adult population

Serum concentrations of β-carotene, vitamins C and E, zinc and selenium are influenced by sex, age, diet, smoking status, alcohol consumption and corpulence in a general French adult population

Zinc and vitamin A intake and status in a national sample of British young people aged 4–18 y

HPLC Assessment and Multivariate Predictability of Serum Retinol and α-Tocopherol Concentrations in Adult Female Subjects

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