Serum glucose concentration as a modulator of interdigestive gastric motility

Barnett, Jeffrey L.; Owyang, Chung

doi:10.1016/0016-5085(88)90248-x

Cited by 227 publications

(149 citation statements)

References 20 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

138

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…We obtained similar results in humans [60]. A slowdown of metabolic and absorption rates explain unexpected microflora growth [59][60][61][62][63][64]. Bacteria in the colon double every day, very slowly in comparison with growth in the small intestine, where bacteria can double every 15 minutes [68].…”

supporting

confidence: 59%

“…Sometimes the conflict is acute, symptomatic; more often damages all body although progressing without any awareness (overall subclinical inflammation). Bacteria double every 10-20 minutes in the small intestinal nutrients [60][61][62][63][64][78][79][80][81][82][83][84][85][86][87][88][89][90][91][92][93][94][95][96]. The mucosa of the small intestine hosts half the body production of immune cells and sustains a permanent moderate local inflammation, consisting of IgA and phagocytic responses, "tolerant" inflammation [97][98][99].…”

Section: Immune Involvementmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The cold environment is associated with higher energy expenditure than the warm one [61]. The increase in energy expenditure decreases insulin resistance [62][63][64]. We may mention also the absorption slowdown that is well known and accepted during infection and inflammation [71].…”

Section: Health As Minimal Immune Stimulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Positive Energy Imbalance and Microflora Overgrowth

Ciampolini¹

2017

JPNC

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Minimal bacteria growth on small intestinal mucosa is associated with prompt absorption of food, as happens during insulin sensitivity . Any meal by meal excess intake over expenditure (insulin resistance) fosters microflora growth and reversible immune deficiency (RID: subclinical inflammation, overall inflammatory state, or pro-inflammatory state) [1,2,[66][67][68][69][70][71]. Overweight is the cumulative result of meal by meal positive balance for a period of time. Weight increase and fattening produce an increase in insulin resistance and RID. A weight stable is poorly effective on subclinical inflammation, and weight decreases diminish the overall inflammation. In the small intestine, unabsorbed food becomes harmful to mucosa and all the body for the existence of bacteria in the intestinal lumen and the possibility of an active proliferation inside the lumen until food is available [68]. On the contrary, rearing experimental animals without bacteria reduced to 10% cellular infiltration and immunoglobulin production in small intestine mucosa [70]. Tropical enteropathy exhibits a denser infiltrate than normal mucosa in dependence on absorption slowdown in a warm and humid climate.The conception of intestinal saprophytes was rather naïve. Bacteria grow in the colon and everywhere in dependence of water and available nutrients and temperature. Water is freely available on mucosal surfaces, and nutrients (carbohydrates, proteins) depend on eating and more precisely on current energy balance. We compared the xylose absorption rate in two groups of experimental animals, one at the environmental temperature of 30 °C and the other at 6 °C environmental temperature [59]. At high environmental temperature, the absorption rate halved in comparison to animals kept at low temperature. We obtained similar results in humans [60]. A slowdown of metabolic and absorption rates explain unexpected microflora growth [59][60][61][62][63][64]. Bacteria in the colon double every day, very slowly in comparison with growth in the small intestine, where bacteria can double every 15 minutes [68]. Bacteria obtain little energy from nonabsorbable, indigestible fibers in absence of oxygen. All meat, bread and every good meal component do not arrive to the colon. These highly energetic foods would promote an explosive growth. The rumen is similar to the human colon in hosting bacteria in an ambient that has poor nutrients and is absolutely devoid of oxygen. Energy rich nutrients let develop one-two liters of carbodioxid per minute in the rumen. The small intestine is also anaerobic, and oxygen absence increases toward the end of the intestine. 60% of bacteria do not stimulate any immune response [69]. 10%-15% evoke a response by IgG lymphocytes and neutrophils that are destructive on invading bacteria, mucosa and overall in the body by subclinical inflammation. Minimal bacteria growth requires minimal persistence of nutrients in the small intestine lumen like on teeth. This depends on intake amount and rhythm. Amounts and intervals can be...

show abstract

supporting

confidence: 59%

Section: Immune Involvementmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Positive Energy Imbalance and Microflora Overgrowth

Ciampolini¹

2017

JPNC

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Even blood glucose concentrations that are within the normal postprandial range (i.e., 4 -8 mmol/l) affect gastric emptying in both healthy volunteers and uncomplicated type 1 patients (51). As with the effects of small intestinal nutrients, the slowing of gastric emptying induced by acute hyperglycemia is associated with suppression of antral pressure waves (3,50) and their propagation (50), stimulation of basal and phasic pyloric pressure waves (13), an increase in proximal gastric compliance (20,21), and suppression of duodenal motor activity (49). Acute hyperglycemia also affects the perception of sensations arising from the gut, including fullness and nausea (20,21,31,38).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of intravenous fructose on gastric emptying and antropyloroduodenal motility in healthy subjects

Stevens

Doran²,

Russo³

et al. 2009

American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physi

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

KL. Effects of intravenous fructose on gastric emptying and antropyloroduodenal motility in healthy subjects. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 297: G1274-G1280, 2009. First published October 1, 2009 doi:10.1152/ajpgi.00214.2009.-Gastric emptying (GE) of glucose is regulated closely, not only as a result of inhibitory feedback arising from the small intestine, but also because of the resulting hyperglycemia. Fructose is used widely in the diabetic diet and is known to empty from the stomach slightly faster than glucose but substantially slower than water. The aims of this study were to determine whether intravenous (iv) fructose affects GE and antropyloroduodenal motility and how any effects compare to those induced by iv glucose. Six healthy males (age: 26.7 Ϯ 3.8 yr) underwent concurrent measurements of GE of a solid meal (100 g ground beef labeled with 20 MBq 99m Tc-sulfur colloid) and antropyloroduodenal motility on three separate days in randomized order during iv infusion of either fructose (0.5 g/kg), glucose (0.5 g/kg), or isotonic saline for 20 min. GE (scintigraphy), antropyloroduodenal motility (manometry), and blood glucose (glucometer) were measured for 120 min. There was a rise in blood glucose (P Ͻ 0.001) after iv glucose (peak 16.4 Ϯ 0.6 mmol/l) but not after fructose or saline. Intravenous glucose and fructose both slowed GE substantially (P Ͻ 0.005 for both), without any significant difference between them. Between t ϭ 0 and 30 min, the number of antral pressure waves was less after both glucose and fructose (P Ͻ 0.002 for both) than saline, and there were more isolated pyloric pressure waves during iv glucose (P ϭ 0.003) compared with fructose and saline (P ϭ NS for both) infusions. In conclusion, iv fructose slows GE and modulates gastric motility in healthy subjects, and the magnitude of slowing of GE is comparable to that induced by iv glucose. glucose; glycemia scintigraphy; manometry IT IS GENERALLY RECOGNIZED that, in health, gastric emptying is regulated tightly, primarily as a result of feedback inhibition generated by interaction of nutrients with the small intestine, the magnitude of which is dependent on the length and region of small intestine exposed to nutrient (36, 37), so that the overall rate of entry of nutrients into the small intestine approximates ϳ2 kcal/min in healthy subjects (5,28,36,45). The motor correlates of the slowing of gastric emptying induced by the presence of nutrients in the small intestine include relaxation of the proximal stomach (2), suppression of antral motility (22), and stimulation of phasic and tonic pyloric contractions (23). Monosaccharides empty from the stomach more slowly than water or isotonic saline because of small intestinal feedback (17), but there may be subtle differences between them. In particular, fructose, when given as intragastric loads to monkeys (45), empties more rapidly than glucose. The slightly more rapid rate of emptying of oral fructose compared with oral glucose has also been demonstrated in humans (11,17,24,52).In ...

show abstract

“…Gastric emptying is itself influenced by acute changes in blood glucose concentrations, with hyperglycaemia delaying gastric emptying, which in turn slows the absorption of ingested carbohydrate and reduces the propensity for further hyperglycaemia [37]. Conversely, in health and T1D, insulin-induced hypoglycaemia accelerates emptying, increasing the delivery of nutrients to the small intestine, and again providing an adaptive response [38].…”

Section: Gastric Emptying In Health and Cfmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cystic fibrosis related diabetes—a new perspective on the optimal management of postprandial glycemia

Perano

Rayner

Couper

et al. 2014

Journal of Diabetes and its Complications

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In all cases accepted manuscripts should: link to the formal publication via its DOI  bear a CC-BY-NC-ND license -this is easy to do, click here to find out how  if aggregated with other manuscripts, for example in a repository or other site, be shared in alignment with our hosting policy  not be added to or enhanced in any way to appear more like, or to substitute for, the published journal article

show abstract

Serum glucose concentration as a modulator of interdigestive gastric motility

Cited by 227 publications

References 20 publications

Positive Energy Imbalance and Microflora Overgrowth

Positive Energy Imbalance and Microflora Overgrowth

Effects of intravenous fructose on gastric emptying and antropyloroduodenal motility in healthy subjects

Cystic fibrosis related diabetes—a new perspective on the optimal management of postprandial glycemia

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About