Serum hypoxia‐inducible factor‐2: A candidate prognostic biomarker for laryngeal cancer

Abstract

The twenty-first century is described as the 'age of biomarker discovery' concerning early diagnosis and effective treatment of cancer. 1 However, the biomarker for head and neck cancers (HNCs) is inadequate. Currently, only Human papillomavirus and p16 expression are available for oral and oropharyngeal cancers. 2 Recently, hypoxia-related biomolecules are candidate biomarkers for several cancers.Hypoxia refers to the imbalance between the tissue's demand for oxygen and the supply of oxygen to the tissue. It orchestrates several processes such as tumoural progression and metabolism, chaotic angiogenesis, anoikis resistance and metastasis cascade. [3][4][5][6] Solid tumours are known to have dynamic hypoxic areas with heterogenic

Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-2-Altered Urothelial Carcinoma: Clinical and Genomic Features

“…This work represents the first comprehensive effort to study the molecular and clinical significance of HIF-2-altered UC. This study’s findings place UC within a particular group of cancers, including renal cell carcinoma, HER2-positive breast cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, and head and neck cancers, in which HIF-2/EPAS1 expression has prognostic value [ 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 ]. Additional studies are needed to further elucidate the genomic and immunogenomic profile of HIF-2-altered UC in order to design targeted therapies for this small but important subset of patients.…”

High Expression of Tumor HLA-DR Predicts Better Prognosis and Response to Anti-PD-1 Therapy in Laryngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma

“…However, the TNM staging evaluation is limited by the requirement of surgical specimen. Up to now, there are a few existing biomarkers that predict survival outcomes for patients with LSCC [ 7 , 8 ]. However, the biomarker that predict the response to PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors in patients with head and neck cancers is yet to be developed for more effective patient stratification [ 9 , 10 ].…”