Serum IgA and IgG antibodies to Treponema vincentii and Treponema denticola in adult periodontitis, juvenile periodontitis and periodontally healthy subjects

Abstract

13 patients with untreated adult periodontitis (AP) were compared to 8 subjects free of periodontal disease (H) with respect to plaque index (PlI), gingival index (GI), probing depth (PD) and differential counts of subgingival bacterial morphotypes from a pooled sample of 6 surfaces with the greatest probing depth. Serum antibody levels to T. vincentii and T. denticola strains were also determined in these subjects as well as in the sera from 5 subjects with localized juvenile periodontitis (LJP). Subjects with AP had significantly elevated proportions of spirochetes and motile rods and lower proportions of coccoid cells than H subjects. They also exhibited significantly higher PlI and GI scores and greater probing depths. Antibody levels were normalized against a standard serum and expressed as ELISA units (EU). IgA and IgG antibody levels to all tested spirochete strains were significantly elevated in AP subjects as compared to subjects in group H or subjects with LJP. No significant differences in antibody titers were detectable between the H and LJP groups with respect to any of the tested strains. No significant correlation could be demonstrated between serum antibody titers to any of the oral spirochete strains tested and the proportions of oral spirochetes determined microscopically.

Association of Eubacterium nodatum and Treponema denticola with human periodontitis lesions

“…The levels and prevalence of T. denticola were also reported to be associated with disease progression in a group of patients with early onset periodontitis (2). Finally, an elevated immunoglobulin G response specific for T. denticola has been reported in patients with chronic periodontitis (50) and periodontal treatment resulted in a decrease in the titers of serum antibodies to this species (50).…”

Common and specific antigens of several treponemes detected by polyclonal antisera against major cellular proteins

“…The polypeptide proteins detected on the outer envelopes of treponemes may contribute to adherence to specific or non-specific substrates present on host cells (5,6,9,25,26,33), tissue damage of hosts (3,22) or antibody production tn vivo (10,12,30). Recently we reported that 77 dentieota ATCC 33520 possessed several fibronectin-binding polypeptides, including 3 main polypeptides P9, PI 1 and P16, suggesting that fibronectin on host cells can mediate cytoadherence of this microorganism by its binding to the outer envelopes or the exposed axial flagella (31).…”

“…The human periodontal pocket harbors spirochetes of the genus Treponema. Human oral treponemes, including Treponema denticola, increase in quantity with increasing periodontal disease and can induce the production of antibodies in patients with certain types of periodontal disease (10,12,30). Proteins on the outer envelopes or axial flagellar antigens of these microorganisms may constitute important antigens.…”

Serum Antibody Levels in Smoker and Non‐Smoker Saudi Subjects With Chronic Periodontitis

“…Therefore, it is likely that IgG antibodies play a major protective role in moderating infections and tissue destruction caused by periodontal organisms 16,17 . This elevation in serum immunoglobulins may be caused by the increased antibody production to neutralize the bacterial toxins 18,19 . The presence or absence of high levels of such antibodies were directly associated with disease severity as indicated by loss of attachment 20,21 .…”