Serum IgA, IgG, and IgM responses to different enteroviruses as measured by a coxsackie B5‐based indirect ELISA

Abstract

An enterovirus-specific indirect ELISA, based on a single local isolate of coxsackie B5 as antigen, was used to study the IgA, IgG, and IgM responses in 19 patients with a recent or current enterovirus infection. Twelve different enterovirus serotypes were isolated from 15 patients. Paired serum samples were available from 10 and a single serum from 5 of these 15 patients. In addition, 4 patients diagnosed by a significant titer rise of complement fixing antibodies to enterovirus were included. A serological diagnosis, defined as an increase in titer of enterovirus IgG and/or presence of enterovirus IgM, were established in all 14 patients with paired sera. Enterovirus IgM was present in either a single serum or in both sera in 13 of them. Out of 5 patients with a single serum sample only, enterovirus IgA or enterovirus IgM was found in 4. Specific IgA was present in either a single serum or in both sera in 14 of the 19 patients. Seven of the 10 enterovirus isolate patients with paired sera had a significant titer rise of complement fixing antibodies; however, all 10 were diagnosed by ELISA. Among 64 healthy controls 2 had enterovirus IgA and none had enterovirus IgM. In conclusion, the use of a single antigen-based ELISA was found to be reliable for the diagnosis of recent and current enterovirus infections.

High titres of IgA antibodies to enterovirus in fulminant type-1 diabetes

“…Our system for detecting enterovirus antibodies was shown to react with several different serotypes of enterovirus, for example coxsackie A, coxsackie B, and Echoviruses [10]. Therefore, titres of IgG and IgA antibodies would be increased if different serotypes of enteroviruses repeatedly infected the same patient.…”

“…IgM, IgG, and IgA subclasses of antibodies to enterovirus were determined by ELISA as published previously with some minor modifications. Our system for detecting enterovirus antibodies was shown to react with several different serotypes of enterovirus, for example coxsackie A, coxsackie B, and Echoviruses [10]. Briefly, a local broadreacting strain of coxsackie B5 virus was used as antigen.…”

“…Our assay was shown to react with several different serotypes of enterovirus, for example coxsackie A, coxsackie B, and Echoviruses [10].…”

Diagnosis of Enterovirus Infection by Genus-Specific PCR and Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assays

“…Heterotypical ELISA methods use antigens from a limited number of enteroviruses (2, 4) or synthetic peptide antigens (10,18) but detect antibodies that are directed against epitopes shared by multiple enterovirus serotypes. There are limited data from studies comparing ELISA with PCR; most studies have compared ELISA with viral culture or CF (2,20). The aim of this study was to evaluate a commercially available heterotypical enterovirus ELISA (Genzyme Virotech, Russelsheim, Germany) for the detection of enterovirus-specific immunoglobulin A (IgA), IgM, and IgG antibodies and to compare the results with those of reverse transcription (RT)-PCR and CF.…”

Identification of Aichi Virus Infection by Measurement of Immunoglobulin Responses in an Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay

“…To establish the diagnosis of acute or recent hepatitis A, blood samples were examined for the presence of IgM-specific anti-hepatitis A virus (5). The ELISA has been developed for quantifying serum IgA, IgG, and IgM responses to enterovirus infections (1). Diagnosis of an enterovirus infection can be presumptively made with a single sample by ELISA detection of a virus-specific IgM (8).…”