Serum IL-4 and IL-10 Levels Correlate with the Symptoms of the Drug-Naive Adolescents with First Episode, Early Onset Schizophrenia

Abstract

IL4 and IL-10 levels have a relationship with negative symptoms of disease. Therefore, this study might suggest that immunological processes might have a role in the disease pathophysiology.

Interleukin-17 Alteration in First-Episode Psychosis: A Meta-Analysis

“…In subgroup analyses, although the heterogeneity declined ( I 2 = 50%), we still did not find statistical differences after removing 2 studies which were not European samples ( Z = 1.57, p = 0.12) [13,20]. …”

“…Finally, 5 articles (a total of 313 patients with drug-naïve FEP and 238 healthy control subjects) were included in this meta-analysis (Fig. 1) [13,18,19,20,21]. With regard to the tissue of the blood samples, all of them were from serum except for one from plasma [13] (Table 1).…”

“…Although recent studies reported increased IL-17 concentrations in antipsychotic-naïve psychotic patients [13,18], the results were not consistent [19,20,21]. Such poor replication can arise from several different factors.…”

Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Early Onset First Episode Psychosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

“…Studies were excluded if they met any of the following hierarchical exclusion criteria: (1) they were not published as original peer-reviewed articles; (2) they did not include a healthy control group; (3) they did not include a first-episode EOP group (to consider this group as ‘first episode’ ‘early onset psychosis group’, all patients included in the study should be experiencing a first episode of psychosis according to DSM-III, DSM-IV, or DSM-IV-TR criteria and should be 18 years old or younger at the onset of psychosis; including brief psychotic disorder, psychotic disorder not otherwise specified, schizophreniform disorder, schizophrenia, mania with psychotic symptoms, and depression with psychotic symptoms; none of the reviewed studies included patients with substance-induced psychosis); and (4) they did not report data (mean and SD) either on inflammatory and/or oxidative markers or data on the statistical comparison of inflammatory and/or oxidative markers between EOP patients and controls. Of the 139 studies, 7 met none of the exclusion criteria and were thus available for the qualitative analysis (Mico et al, 2011; Fraguas et al, 2012; Parellada et al, 2012; Martinez-Cengotitabengoa et al, 2014; Simsek et al, 2016b; Simsek et al, 2016a; Xu et al, 2016). …”

“…The following hierarchical criteria were used to determine the inclusion of overlapping studies: (1) study with the largest EOP group sample for the parameter of interest; (2) study with the largest control group sample for the parameter of interest; (3) most recent publication. Six of the 7 studies (Mico et al, 2011; Parellada et al, 2012; Martinez-Cengotitabengoa et al, 2014; Simsek et al, 2016a, 2016b; Xu et al, 2016) contributed with at least one marker and entered Phase 4.…”