Serum immunoreactive interleukin‐6 and C‐reactive protein levels in patients with multiple myeloma at diagnosis

Abstract

Serum bioactive but not immunoreactive interleukin-6 (IL-6), and serum C-reactive protein (CRP), have been reported to be of prognostic significance in multiple myeloma (MM). We measured serum immunoreactive IL-6 by a sensitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in 30 MM patients at diagnosis. In 30% of the patients serum immunoreactive IL-6 exceeded the upper reference limit. The concentrations of CRP and IL-6 showed a linear association. Logarithmically transformed IL-6, CRP and beta 2-microglobulin were significant variables by univariate survival analysis; by multivariate analysis CRP was a slightly stronger prognostic factor than IL-6 and the only one of independent prognostic significance.

Improvement in Gonadotropin Secretion after Corticosteroid Therapy in a Case of POEMS Syndrome.

“…In the endocinological aspect, it is well known that IL-6 stimulates the release of pituitary hormones [14], and some reports have described the serum IL-6 level as predicting the activity of POEMS syndrome [15]. In multiple myeloma, both IL-6 and CRP are considered as prognostic factors [16], but serum IL-6 was within the normal range though CRP was elevated in the present case. It is therefore evident that IL-6 activity is not the only factor that causes POEMS syndrome.…”

Preoperative elevation of serum C – reactive protein is predictive for prognosis in myeloma bone disease after surgery

“…Although elevations of C-reactive protein (CRP) serum levels in newly diagnosed patients with myeloma bone disease have been consistently associated with a poor prognosis (Bataille et al, 1992;Tienhaara et al, 1994;Durie et al, 2003) the significance of preoperative CRP levels have not been clarified as of prognostic importance in myeloma patients, yet, and was, for the first time, subject of this study. The major finding of this investigation is the inferior survival of patients with myeloma bone disease in whom CRP was elevated prior to surgery.…”

“…For myeloma it is well known that interleukin-6 (IL-6) plays a crucial role in the cytokine network, regulating the growth and survival of myeloma cells and stimulating the acute-phase protein synthesis, notably C-reactive protein (CRP) (Lauta, 2003). Several authors investigating serum IL-6 in relation to acute-phase reactants and survival in myeloma patients report not only significantly shorter survival for those with higher concentrations of IL-6 compared with patients who had normal concentrations (Ludwig et al, 1991;Pulkki et al, 1996;Papadaki et al, 1997;Stasi et al, 1998), but also demonstrate a strong positive correlation between IL-6 and CRP (Tienhaara et al, 1994;Pelliniemi et al, 1995;Kyriakou et al, 1997;Biro et al, 1998;Alexandrakis et al, 2003). As an assessment of infection status at the time of surgery was made, CRP rather appears to act as a surrogate marker for IL-6 activity and proliferative status of bone marrow plasma cells and has been regarded as a powerful prognostic marker in patients with multiple myeloma, than a sign for preoperative infectious states.…”

“…Therefore, for identifying those patients at risk for early death and for selecting appropriate surgical interventions if longer survival is expected, it would be extremely valuable for orthopedic surgeons to find a marker of disease aggressiveness at the time of surgery that is easy to asses. In addition to the prognostic value of baseline biological markers including high levels of b2-microglobulin (B2-M), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and serum albumin (Bataille et al, 1992), elevations of serum C-reactive protein (CRP) have been consistently associated with a poor prognosis in myeloma (Tienhaara et al, 1994;Kaneko et al, 2002;Terpos et al, 2003). Several studies regarding the role of preoperative CRP as a predictive indicator for the malignant potential and prognosis in various other cancers have been published (Nozoe et al, 1998;Nakanishi et al, 2002;Shimada et al, 2003;Hashimoto et al, 2005).…”

In vitro excess ammonia production in human myeloma cell lines

“…[1][2][3][4][5][6] Recently, a few new clinical features associated with myeloma, such as salivary type hyperamylasemia [7][8][9][10][11][12][13] and elevation of the serum Creactive protein (CRP) concentration [14][15][16] and oncostatin M, 17 have been reported. Elevation of CRP is thought to be related to interleukin-6 (IL-6) production by myeloma cells, because of the identification of IL-6 as an autocrine and/or paracrine growth factor for myeloma cells.…”