Serum leveis of inflammatory markers in type 2 diabetes patients with chronic periodontitis

Abstract

Diabetes has been associated with periodontitis, but the mechanisms through which periodontal diseases affect the metabolic control remain unclear.Objective This study aimed to evaluate serum leveis of inflammatory markers, IL-8, IL-6 and monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1), in type 2 diabetic patients in the presence of chronic periodontitis. Material and Methods Forty two individuals were enrolled in this study and assigned to one of five groups: diabetes mellitus with inadequate glycemic control and periodontitis (DMI+P, n = 10), diabetes mellitus with adequate glycemic control and periodontitis (DMA+P, n = 10), diabetes mellitus without periodontitis (DM, n = 10), periodontitis without diabetes (P, n=6), and neither diabetes nor periodontitis (H, n = 6). Periodontal clinical examination included visible plaque index (PL), gingival bleeding index (GB), probing depth (PD), attachment level (AL) and bleeding on probing (BP). Glycemic control was evaluated by serum concentration of glycated hemoglobin (HbAlc). Inflammatory serum markers IL-8, IL-6 and (MCP-1) were measured by ELISA.ResultsDMI+P and DMA+P groups presented higher PD (p=0.025) and AL (p=0.003) values when compared to the P group. There were no significant differences among groups for IL-6, IL-8 and MCP-1 serum levels.Conclusions Although periodontitis was more severe in diabetic patients, the serum levels of the investigated inflammatory markers did not differ among the groups.

The MCP-1 Gene A-2518G Polymorphism Confers an Increased Risk of Vascular Complications in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients

“…It was reported that A-2518G SNP in the promoter region of MCP-1 gene was shown to be enrolled in the upregulation of the transcription activities of MCP-1 and its protein levels (Grzegorzewska et al, 2014). MCP-1 was served as an inflammatory mediator regulated by the NF-kB pathway that may lead to the malfunction of the islet B cell due to severe pancreatic inflammation and further augment the risk of IR, implying that the MCP-1 A-2518G variant may induce the development of T2DM (Longo et al, 2014). In addition, the higher frequencies of the G allele and GG genotype may increase the MCP-1 expression by activating lymphocytes, monocytes, and macrophages, which consequently affected 240.14 -104.47 335.78 -145.15 b 339.14 -124.14 b 340.47 -108.45 b a,b Compared with group A, a p < 0.05, b p < 0.001; c,d compared with group B, c p < 0.05, d p < 0.001; e compared with group C, p < 0.001.…”

Glycemic control and the production of cytokines in diabetic patients with chronic periodontal disease

“…Diabetes Mellitus is a metabolic disease characterized by hyperglycemia due to deficient insulin production type 1 or type 2, that is preceded by systemic inflammation, leading to reduced pancreatic β-cell function, apoptosis and insulin resistence 3 , the latter being more prevalent in adults. The interrelationship between periodontal disease and diabetes mellitus (DM) has been investigated and studies have shown that the prevalence, progression and severity of periodontal diseases is higher in diabetic individuals than in nondiabetic ones [4][5][6] . The relationship between the mechanism of DM and chronic periodontitis has been described as bidirectional 3 , in which DM negatively affects the periodontal condition and periodontal disease negatively influencing glycemic control, increasing the risk of complications in diabetic patients 7 .…”

“…Although the involvement of IL-17 in periodontal disease has been shown 18 , its role in the induction or progression of this disease is still unclear. Therefore, it is important to understand the immune inflammatory mechanisms that are related to an increased susceptibility to periodontal disease in patients with type 2 diabetes in comparison with individuals without the disease 5,20 . Based on the data described above, we hypothesized that the more severe forms of periodontal disease have, at least partially, an exacerbated inflammatory response responsible for the destruction of tooth-supporting tissues and that glycemic control is associated to the inflammatory response at chronic periodontitis sites.…”

Functionalized Asymmetric Poly (Lactic Acid)/Gelatin Composite Membrane for Guided Periodontal Tissue Regeneration

“…However, as a matter of fact, with the progression of this disease, both tooth and the surrounding gingival tissue get involved in the damage process, and become irreversible. Peridontitis even involves with serious complications including diabetes [2] [3] and also is an independent risk factor of coronary heart disease [4].…”