Serum levels of antioxidants and age-related macular degeneration

Tsang, Norris Ck; Penfold, Philip L.; Snitch, P.; Billson, Frank A.

doi:10.1007/bf00169100

Cited by 38 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Some studies have found an increased risk of AMD with a past cardiovascular event [30,31], systemic hypertension [17,21,32] and increased blood cholesterol levels [11,23], although other studies have found no association with vascular events [19,23,33], systemic hypertension [19,23,33,34] or blood lipid levels [19][20][21][33][34][35][36].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in lipid metabolism in women with age-related macular degeneration

et al. 2005

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Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is one of the leading causes of visual loss among people aged 65 and older. At present the origin of AMD still remains unknown. The objective was to evaluate the chosen lipid and lipoprotein concentrations in blood of patients with AMD. Sixty women aged 55-71 (mean age 65.1+/-5.7) were treated in the outpatient ophthalmological clinic for more than two years because of AMD. We evaluated total serum cholesterol (TCH), triglycerides (TG), HDL-cholesterol (HDL), LDL-cholesterol (LDL), lipoprotein (a) (Lp(a)), apolipoprotein AI (Apo AI) and apolipoprotein B (Apo B) by direct spectrophotometry (Human and Randox standard kits, USA). We found a significant increase of TCH, LDL and TG (224.36+/-41.67 mg/dl, 159.02+/-39.66 mg/dl and 120.92+/-42.64 mg/dl), and a significant decrease of HDL (38.68+/-6.36 mg/dl) in the AMD patients when compared with the control group. We have not found a significant difference in the average TG level between the studied groups. The concentration of Apo B was markedly increased (164.66+/-46.46 mg/dl) and Apo AI concentration was markedly decreased (128.9+/-17.01 mg/dl) in the AMD patients when compared with the control group. There was no significant difference in the concentration of the Lp(a) between the two groups. The results of our present study could point to the fact that changes in the lipid metabolism could be one of the very important risk factors involved in the pathogenesis of AMD.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in lipid metabolism in women with age-related macular degeneration

et al. 2005

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“…It is also hypothesized to be able to protect the macula against oxidative damage. However, these results have not been convincing and were inconclusive [47,68].…”

Section: Mineralsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutrients for Prevention of Macular Degeneration and Eye-Related Diseases

Khoo

Yap

et al. 2019

Antioxidants

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The risk of macular degeneration can be reduced through the consumption of antioxidant-rich foods, supplements, and nutraceutical formulas. This review focuses on the antioxidants, vitamins, and minerals that have been reported for reducing the risk of macular degeneration and other eye-related diseases. Antioxidants including anthocyanins, carotenoids, flavonoids, and vitamins have been shown to reduce the risk of eye-related diseases. Anthocyanins extracted from berries are powerful antioxidants. Cyanidin, delphinidin, malvidin, pelargonidin, peonidin, and petunidin are anthocyanin aglycones detected in berries, currants, and other colored fruits and vegetables. β-Carotene, as well as xanthophyll lutein and zeaxanthin, have been reported to reduce the risk of macular degeneration. Flavonoids from plants help in the prevention of eye-related diseases through anti-inflammatory mechanisms. A combination of these antioxidants, vitamins, and minerals possess a synergistic effect on the prevention or risk reduction of macular degeneration. Formulas have been developed as dietary supplements to cater to the high demand from consumers and patients with eye problems. Many of the formulated dietary supplements that are sold in the market have been clinically proven for their efficacy to treat eye diseases. Although the bioactivities in the supplement capsules or tablets have been scientifically established for reducing risks of several diseases, which include macular degeneration and other eye-related diseases, knowledge on the right dosage, efficacy, and bioavailability of antioxidants, vitamins, and minerals is important for consumers. The information may help them make the best decision in choosing the right dietary supplements and nutraceuticals following the evidence-based recommended dosages and reference intakes for improving general health and preventing eye-related diseases. This review covers the potential causal factors involved in eye diseases, clinically proven treatments, and controversial findings on the antioxidants in the prevention of macular degeneration. Future studies should consider multiethnic and multicenter trials for eliminating potential bias in research.

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“…In 1992, the Eye Disease Case Control Study Group, reported a significant 4-fold increased risk for exudative AMD with the highest serum cholesterol concentration [39]. Since then, only five studies reported a significant increased risk of AMD with high level of total cholesterol [23], [33], [40]–[42], while 13 reported no significant association [26], [27], [30], [32], [34]–[38], [43]–[46], and two an inverse relationship [47], [48].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Elevated High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol and Age-Related Macular Degeneration: The Alienor Study

et al. 2014

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BackgroundLipid metabolism and particularly high-density lipoprotein (HDL) may be involved in the pathogenic mechanism of age-related macular degeneration (AMD). However, conflicting results have been reported in the associations of AMD with plasma HDL and other lipids, which may be confounded by the recently reported associations of AMD with HDL-related genes. We explored the association of AMD with plasma lipid levels and lipid-lowering medication use, taking into account most of HDL-related genes associated with AMD.MethodsThe Alienor study is a population-based study on age-related eye diseases performed in 963 elderly residents of Bordeaux (France). AMD was graded from non mydriatic color retinal photographs in three exclusive stages: no AMD (n = 430 subjects, 938 eyes); large soft distinct drusen and/or large soft indistinct drusen and/or reticular drusen and/or pigmentary abnormalities (early AMD, n = 176, 247); late AMD (n = 40, 61). Associations of AMD with plasma lipids (HDL, total cholesterol (TC), Low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and triglycerides (TG)) were estimated using Generalized Estimating Equation logistic regressions. Statistical analyses included 646 subjects with complete data.ResultsAfter multivariate adjustment for age, sex, educational level, smoking, BMI, lipid-lowering medication use, cardiovascular disease and diabetes, and for all relevant genetic polymorphisms (ApoE2, ApoE4, CFH Y402H, ARMS2 A69S, LIPC rs10468017, LIPC rs493258, LPL rs12678919, ABCA1 rs1883025 and CETP rs3764261), higher HDL was significantly associated with an increased risk of early (OR = 2.45, 95%CI: 1.54–3.90; P = 0.0002) and any AMD (OR = 2.29, 95%CI: 1.46–3.59; P = 0.0003). Association with late AMD was far from statistical significance (OR = 1.58, 95%CI: 0.48–5.17; p = 0.45). No associations were found for any stage of AMD with TC, LDL and TG levels, statin or fibrate drug use.ConclusionsThis study suggests that elderly patients with high HDL concentration may be at increased risk for AMD and, further, that HDL dysfunction might be implicated in AMD pathogenesis.

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Serum levels of antioxidants and age-related macular degeneration

Cited by 38 publications

References 33 publications

Changes in lipid metabolism in women with age-related macular degeneration

Changes in lipid metabolism in women with age-related macular degeneration

Nutrients for Prevention of Macular Degeneration and Eye-Related Diseases

Elevated High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol and Age-Related Macular Degeneration: The Alienor Study

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