Serum Lipids and the Death of Spawning Pacific Salmon

Patton, Stuart; Crozier, George F.; Benson, A. A.

doi:10.1038/225754b0

Cited by 25 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…undertake freshwater migrations which often exceed 500 km. The extreme energy requirements of these migrations result in a significant depletion of body lipids throughout the spawning period (Idler & Bitners, 1958;Idler & Clemens, 1959;Patton et al, 1970;Gilhousen, 1980). Muscle proteins are often mobilized by semelparous Pacific salmon in the latter stages of migration when fat depots have become depleted.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Migration-dependent changes in plasma NEFA levels have been reported only for sockeye salmon (Patton et al, 1970;French et al, 1983;Ballantyne et al, 1996). Clearly, the variation that exists in the lipid requirements of anadromous fish infers that fatty acid requirements may also differ between migratory species, and particularly between semelparous Pacific salmons and the iteroparous Atlantic salmon.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Plasma non‐esterified fatty acid profiles in wild Atlantic salmon during their freshwater migration and spawning

Booth

McKinley

Ballantyne

1999

Journal of Fish Biology

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Total plasma non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA) levels increased significantly in adult Atlantic salmon during the first months of their upstream migration and spawning in the Exploits River, Newfoundland, Canada. The highest levels occurred in May and were 5467 270·43 nmol ml 1 for females and 4617 334·70 nmol ml 1 for males. Significantly higher levels were maintained by females compared with males for most of the upstream migration. Between August and October, total plasma NEFA levels declined by 61% in females but only 23% in males. The decline in plasma monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acid levels accounted for 74% of the loss of NEFAs in females. Specific plasma NEFAs such as 16 : 0 (palmitic), 16 : 1 (palmitoleic), 18 : 1n9 (oleic) and 20 : 5n3 (eicosapentaenoic acid) differed significantly between males and females during migration and spawning. The mean gonadosomatic index (I G ) values of females in May and just prior to spawning were 0·37 0·01 and 10·25 0·32, respectively. The rapid decline in the plasma NEFA content of females coincided with the largest increase in their I G (1·85 0·02-10·25 0·32). Corresponding I G values for males were 0·34 0·01 in May and 3·33 0·78 prior to spawning. Plasma NEFA levels of spent salmon did not differ between sexes and were significantly lower than those of salmon preparing to spawn. 1999 The Fisheries Society of the British Isles

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plasma non‐esterified fatty acid profiles in wild Atlantic salmon during their freshwater migration and spawning

Booth

McKinley

Ballantyne

1999

Journal of Fish Biology

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“…Characteristics of individual animals, such as reproductive state, social status and life stage, also affect the willingness or ability to feed (Patton et al, 1970;Robin et al, 1988;Watts, 1990). High predator abundance can also reduce feeding opportunities, possibly leading to diminished growth or condition (Killen and Brown, 2006;Pérez-Tris et al, 2004).…”

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confidence: 99%

Fast growers sprint slower: effects of food deprivation and re-feeding on sprint swimming performance in individual juvenile European sea bass

Killen

Marras

McKenzie

2013

Journal of Experimental Biology

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While many ectothermic species can withstand prolonged fasting without mortality, food deprivation may have sublethal effects of ecological importance, including reductions in locomotor ability. Little is known about how such changes in performance in individual animals are related to either mass loss during food deprivation or growth rate during re-feeding. This study followed changes in the maximum sprint swimming performance of individual European sea bass, Dicentrarchus labrax, throughout 45 days of food deprivation and 30 days of refeeding. Maximum sprint speed did not show a significant decline until 45 days of food deprivation. Among individuals, the reduction in sprinting speed at this time was not related to mass loss. After 30 days of re-feeding, mean sprinting speed had recovered to match that of control fish. Among individuals, however, maximum sprinting speed was negatively correlated with growth rate after the resumption of feeding. This suggests that the rapid compensatory growth that occurs during re-feeding after a prolonged fast carries a physiological cost in terms of reduced sprinting capacity, the extent of which shows continuous variation among individuals in relation to growth rate. The long-term repeatability of maximum sprint speed was low when fish were fasted or fed a maintenance ration, but was high among control fish fed to satiation. Fish that had been previously food deprived continued to show low repeatability in sprinting ability even after the initiation of ad libitum feeding, probably stemming from variation in compensatory growth among individuals and its associated negative effects on sprinting ability. Together, these results suggest that food limitation can disrupt hierarchies of maximum sprint performance within populations. In the wild, the cumulative effects on locomotor capacity of fasting and re-feeding could lead to variable survival among individuals with different growth trajectories following a period of food deprivation. factors that can affect food availability, including acute or seasonal fluctuations in temperature or light levels, and in aquatic environments, salinity, turbidity or oxygenation (Post and Parkinson, 2001). Characteristics of individual animals, such as reproductive state, social status and life stage, also affect the willingness or ability to feed (Patton et al., 1970;Robin et al., 1988;Watts, 1990). High predator abundance can also reduce feeding opportunities, possibly leading to diminished growth or condition (Killen and Brown, 2006;Pérez-Tris et al., 2004). Many ectotherms can withstand weeks, months or even years of food deprivation without mortality (Biro et al., 2004;Hervant et al., 2001;Merkle and Hanke, 1988;van Ginneken and Maes, 2005), but food deprivation can have important sublethal effects on behaviour and physiology. Long periods without feeding can lead to the degradation of skeletal muscle as structural proteins are catabolised for fuel (Bugeon et al., 2004;Johnston, 1981;Wang et al., 2006). Food deprivation can also re...

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“…2, the serum lipid content greatly decreased during spawning migration and the LDL fraction disappeared after spawning. Patton et al 16 ) have found the decrease of serum lipid in pink salmon during spawning migration. Nelson and Shore l ) have reported that serum LDL disappeared at the pre-spawning migration stage and lipid was transported by serum HDL at the upstream migration stage of pink salmon.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isolation and Characterization of a Carotenoid-carrying Lipoprotein in the Serum of Chum Salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) during Spawning Migration

Ando

Takeyama

Hatano

1986

Agricultural and Biological Chemistry

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Serum Lipids and the Death of Spawning Pacific Salmon

Cited by 25 publications

References 8 publications

Plasma non‐esterified fatty acid profiles in wild Atlantic salmon during their freshwater migration and spawning

Plasma non‐esterified fatty acid profiles in wild Atlantic salmon during their freshwater migration and spawning

Fast growers sprint slower: effects of food deprivation and re-feeding on sprint swimming performance in individual juvenile European sea bass

Isolation and Characterization of a Carotenoid-carrying Lipoprotein in the Serum of Chum Salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) during Spawning Migration

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