Abstract:Higher serum long-chain omega-3 PUFA concentration, a biomarker of fish or fish oil consumption, may not have an impact on future blood pressure in an ageing population.
“…The authors suggested that the vitamin D-induced increase in calcium absorption could promote vascular calcification, which in turn could lead to increased arterial stiffness and greater hypertension risk. In the current study, vitamin D supplementation did not impact on the measured resting arterial blood flow parameters, however, in the current study this was a short duration supplementation that may not have resulted in comparable increases in circulating concentrations of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D. The lack of impact of EPA supplementation on the measured resting arterial blood flow parameters in the current study, concurs with recent findings, that higher serum biomarkers of ω-3 consumption, may not impact on future blood pressure ( 43 ). Table 2 Changes in blood kinetic parameters in response to immobilisation and supplementation …”
ObjectivesThis study set out to determine whether two potential protein-sparing modulators (eicosapentaenoic acid and vitamin D) would modulate the anticipated muscle functional and related blood vessels function deleterious effects of immobilisation.DesignThe study used a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled design.SettingThe study took part in a laboratory setting.ParticipantsTwenty-four male and female healthy participants, aged 23.0±5.8 years.InterventionThe non-dominant arm was immobilised in a sling for a period of nine waking hours a day over two continuous weeks. Participants were randomly assigned to one of three groups: placebo (n=8, Lecithin, 2400 mg daily), omega-3 (ω-3) fatty acids (n=8, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA); 1770 mg, and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA); 390 mg, daily) or vitamin D (n=8, 1,000 IU daily).MeasurementsIsometric and isokinetic torque, antagonist muscle co-contraction (activation profile), muscle fatigability indices, and arterial resting blood flow were measured before, at the end of the immobilisation period, and two weeks after re-mobilisation.ResultsMuscle elbow flexion and extension isometric and isokinetic torque decreased significantly with limb immobilisation in the placebo group (P<0.05). Despite no significant effect of supplementation, ω-3 and vitamin D supplementation showed trends (P>0.05) towards attenuating the decreases observed in the placebo group. There was no significant change in muscle fatigue parameters or co-contraction values with immobilisation and no effect of supplementation group (P>0.05). Similarly, this immobilisation model had no impact on the assessed blood flow characteristics. All parameters had returned to baseline values at the re-mobilisation phase of the study.ConclusionOverall, at the current doses, neither ω-3 nor vitamin D supplementation significantly attenuated declines in torque associated with immobilisation. It would appear that muscle function (described here in Part B) might not be as useful a marker of the effectiveness of a supplement against the impact of immobilisation compared to tissue composition changes (described in Part A).
“…The authors suggested that the vitamin D-induced increase in calcium absorption could promote vascular calcification, which in turn could lead to increased arterial stiffness and greater hypertension risk. In the current study, vitamin D supplementation did not impact on the measured resting arterial blood flow parameters, however, in the current study this was a short duration supplementation that may not have resulted in comparable increases in circulating concentrations of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D. The lack of impact of EPA supplementation on the measured resting arterial blood flow parameters in the current study, concurs with recent findings, that higher serum biomarkers of ω-3 consumption, may not impact on future blood pressure ( 43 ). Table 2 Changes in blood kinetic parameters in response to immobilisation and supplementation …”
ObjectivesThis study set out to determine whether two potential protein-sparing modulators (eicosapentaenoic acid and vitamin D) would modulate the anticipated muscle functional and related blood vessels function deleterious effects of immobilisation.DesignThe study used a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled design.SettingThe study took part in a laboratory setting.ParticipantsTwenty-four male and female healthy participants, aged 23.0±5.8 years.InterventionThe non-dominant arm was immobilised in a sling for a period of nine waking hours a day over two continuous weeks. Participants were randomly assigned to one of three groups: placebo (n=8, Lecithin, 2400 mg daily), omega-3 (ω-3) fatty acids (n=8, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA); 1770 mg, and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA); 390 mg, daily) or vitamin D (n=8, 1,000 IU daily).MeasurementsIsometric and isokinetic torque, antagonist muscle co-contraction (activation profile), muscle fatigability indices, and arterial resting blood flow were measured before, at the end of the immobilisation period, and two weeks after re-mobilisation.ResultsMuscle elbow flexion and extension isometric and isokinetic torque decreased significantly with limb immobilisation in the placebo group (P<0.05). Despite no significant effect of supplementation, ω-3 and vitamin D supplementation showed trends (P>0.05) towards attenuating the decreases observed in the placebo group. There was no significant change in muscle fatigue parameters or co-contraction values with immobilisation and no effect of supplementation group (P>0.05). Similarly, this immobilisation model had no impact on the assessed blood flow characteristics. All parameters had returned to baseline values at the re-mobilisation phase of the study.ConclusionOverall, at the current doses, neither ω-3 nor vitamin D supplementation significantly attenuated declines in torque associated with immobilisation. It would appear that muscle function (described here in Part B) might not be as useful a marker of the effectiveness of a supplement against the impact of immobilisation compared to tissue composition changes (described in Part A).
“…In most previous studies, selenium's harmful effect on hypertension was more likely to be seen in selenium-replete populations and protective effect seen in selenium-deplete populations [18]. Moreover, the definition of hypertension varied among different countries, such as Belgium [8], Denmark [11], Finland [26 ], and the United States [17]. Other factors contributing to the inconsistent results include differences in study design, adjustment for confounding factors and the difference in the age range covered by a study.…”
Objectives:Results from previous studies have been inconsistent on the association between selenium and hypertension, and very few studies on this subject have focused on the elderly population. The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between selenium level and hypertension in a rural elderly Chinese cohort.Design: A longitudinal study was implemented and data were analyzed using logistic regression models and Cox proportional hazards regression model adjusting for potential confounders. The association between selenium level and prevalent hypertension at baseline and between selenium and incident hypertension were examined.
Setting:Community-based setting in four rural areas in China.Subjects: A total of 2000 elderly aged 65 years and over (mean 71.9±5.6 years) participated in this study.Measurements: Nail selenium levels were measured in all subjects at baseline. Blood pressure measures and self-reported hypertension history were collected at baseline, 2.5 years and 7 years later. Hypertension was defined as systolic blood pressure 140 mmHg or higher, diastolic blood pressure 90 mmHg or higher, or reported use of anti-hypertensive medication.
Results:The rate of baseline hypertension was 63.50% in this cohort and the mean nail selenium level is 0.413±0.183μg/g. Multi-covariate adjusted cross-sectional analyses indicated that higher selenium level was associated with higher blood pressure measures at baseline and higher rates of hypertension. For the 635 participants with normal blood pressure at baseline, 360 had developed hypertension during follow-up. The incidence rate for hypertension was 45.83%, 52.27, 62.50%, 70.48%, and 62.79% from the first selenium quintile to the fifth quintile respectively. Comparing to the lowest quintile group, the hazard ratio were 1. for the second selenium quintile to the fifth quintile respectively.
Conclusions:Our findings suggest that high selenium may play a harmful role in the development of hypertension. Future studies are needed to confirm our findings and to elucidate a plausible biological mechanism.
“…Further, elevated childhood BP has been shown to predict elevated BP in adolescence and adulthood [5–7] and other adulthood cardiovascular diseases [8–10]. Serum and erythrocyte fatty acids (FA) have been suggested to be associated with BP in adults [11–13] although not all studies confirmed this association [14]. …”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…In particular, polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and their metabolites, the long-chain PUFA (LC PUFA) such as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20:5n-3) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6n-3) of the n-3 series and arachidonic acid (ARA, 20:4n-6) of the n-6 series have been linked to BP [11, 12, 14]. As precursors for the production of prostaglandins and thromboxanes with effects on vasodilation and platelet aggregation LC PUFA can affect BP [15].…”
BackgroundPolyunsaturated n-3 and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) are precursors of biologically active metabolites that affect blood pressure (BP) regulation. This study investigated the association of n-3 and n-6 PUFA and BP in children and adolescents.MethodsIn a subsample of 1267 children aged 2–9 years at baseline of the European IDEFICS (Identification and prevention of dietary- and lifestyle-induced health effects in children and infants) cohort whole blood fatty acids were measured by a validated gas chromatographic method. Systolic and diastolic BP was measured at baseline and after two and six years. Mixed-effects models were used to assess the associations between fatty acids at baseline and BP z-scores over time adjusting for relevant covariables. Models were further estimated stratified by sex and weight status.ResultsThe baseline level of arachidonic acid was positively associated with subsequent systolic BP (β = 0.08, P = 0.002) and diastolic BP (β = 0.07, P<0.001). In thin/normal weight children, baseline alpha-linolenic (β = -1.13, P = 0.003) and eicosapentaenoic acid (β = -0.85, P = 0.003) levels were inversely related to baseline and also to subsequent systolic BP and alpha-linolenic acid to subsequent diastolic BP. In overweight/obese children, baseline eicosapentaenoic acid level was positively associated with baseline diastolic BP (β = 0.54, P = 0.005).ConclusionsLow blood arachidonic acid levels in the whole sample and high n-3 PUFA levels in thin/normal weight children are associated with lower and therefore healthier BP. The beneficial effects of high n-3 PUFA on BP were not observed in overweight/obese children, suggesting that they may have been overlaid by the unfavorable effects of excess weight.
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