Serum Lysyl Oxidase Levels and Lysyl Oxidase Gene Polymorphism in Ovarian Cancer Patients of Eastern Indian Population

Abstract

(1) Background: Lysyl oxidase (LOX) plays a dual role in carcinogenesis and studies show a higher risk of cancer in LOX G473A variants. The present study evaluated the pattern of LOX G473A polymorphism (rs1800449) and serum LOX levels in ovarian cancer patients. (2) Methods: Serum LOX levels were estimated by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). A polymorphism of rs1800449 of LOX gene was detected by the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method. Selected samples were sequenced for external validation. (3) Results: A majority of study participants were from low socio-economic status. Serum LOX level was significantly higher in ovarian cancer patients as compared to control. Serum LOX level in early-stage ovarian cancer was significantly lower as compared to advanced stage (FIGO stage III & IV). Wild type GG genotype was used as reference. Genotypes AA were associated with a significant risk of epithelial ovarian cancer (OR 3.208; p value- 0.033). A allele of rs1800449 polymorphism of LOX gene, the odds ratio was 1.866 (95% Confidence Interval 1.112–3.16) p value = 0.017 (4) Conclusions: A allele of rs1800449 polymorphism of LOX gene presents an increased risk of ovarian cancer in East Indian population. Serum LOX levels could be a potential biomarker for the diagnosis and prognosis of ovarian cancer.

Unlocking Exosome-Based Theragnostic Signatures: Deciphering Secrets of Ovarian Cancer Metastasis

“…The collagen cross-linking in the ECM influences tumor progression. Lysyl oxidase enzyme, which helps in cross-linking of collagen, increases its rigidity, making it impermeable and promoting tissue fibrosis, thereby enhancing cancer progression. , The collagen alignment in the ECM also gets altered in cancer patients due to the transport of genetic information from tumor cells to normal cells in the ECM by exosomes . Cancer cells use this altered direction of collagen molecules to migrate to distant organs, which results in the further spread of tumor tissue.…”

Accurate quantification of lysyl oxidase concentration in human tissue

“…Furthermore, concordant results should be obtained from qualified sites and operators running the same biomarker test (3). However, reported serum LOX concentrations from healthy human subjects vary largely between studies and range from 0.2 ng/mL to > 40 ng/mL (4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10). This inconsistency in reported LOX concentrations may be due to the differences in commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits supplied from different sources (S1 Table ).…”