Serum metabolite markers of early Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae infection in pigs

Abstract

Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae, the primary pathogenic bacterium causing enzootic pneumonia, significantly affects worldwide swine production. The infection is usually persistent and bacterial identification and isolation of M. hyopneumoniae in clinical samples are challenging due to the fastidious requirements for its growth. Hence, new practical surveillance tools that improve or complement existing diagnostics on M. hyopneumoniae are desirable, especially in early infection. The objective of this study was to identify potential metabolite markers of early M. hyopneumoniae infection in pigs through metabolomics analysis. Samples obtained from pigs in a previous M. hyopneumoniae experimental infection were used in this study. Briefly, two pigs served as mock inoculated controls and ten pigs were intra-tracheally inoculated with M. hyopneumoniae. Sera, laryngeal swabs (LS), and tracheo-bronchial lavage fluid (TBLF) were collected from all pigs at 0, 2, 5, 9, 14, 21 and 28 days post-inoculation (dpi). Bronchial swabs (BS) were collected post-mortem at 28 dpi. Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae infection was confirmed by PCR in LS, TBLF and BS. Serum metabolites were profiled using high-resolution liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC–MS) analysis. Metabolite markers were identified by structural analysis following multivariate analysis of LC–MS data. The results showed that M. hyopneumoniae infection time-dependently altered the serum levels of selective amino acids and fatty acids. α-Aminobutyric acid and long-chain fatty acids were markedly increased at 14 and 21 dpi in inoculated pigs (p < 0.05). These results indicated that M. hyopneumoniae infection caused systemic changes in host metabolism, warranting further studies to determine underlying biochemical and physiological mechanisms responsible for the observed changes.

Fetal Metabolomic Alterations Following Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus Infection

“…While metabolomics has been used in swine-related nutritional and reproductive research, the technique is less commonly employed to study host responses to veterinary infective diseases, and porcine diseases in particular. Although the utility of this approach lies primarily in hypothesis generation, recent studies have shed light on possible metabolic and physiologic changes following respiratory disease caused by Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (Nair et al, 2019), enteric disease cause by Brachyspira hyodysenteriae (Welle et al, 2017) and a potential interaction between the host and gut microbiome in the development of disease following infection with classical swine fever virus (Gong et al, 2017).…”

Intestinal Microbiota and Serum Metabolic Profile Responded to Two Nutritional Different Diets in Mice

“…For specifically affected metabolites, the GF diet increased the content of alpha-aminobutyric acid, valine, leucine, and aminoadipic acid compared with the SPF diet. Increased levels of alpha-aminobutyric acid are thought to be a marker for a range of diseases (47,48). Valine and leucine are branchedchain amino acids (BCAA) and recent studies have reported a role for BBCA in the development of diseases such as type 2 diabetes (T2D), IBD, and cardiovascular disease (49,50).…”

OCCAM: prediction of small ORFs in bacterial genomes by means of a target-decoy database approach and machine learning techniques

“…Therefore, Bs_vso and Bs_so, for instance, are the names of the datasets containing vsORFs and sORFs, respectively, of B. subtilis . Those bacteria were chosen because of their broad use in biological studies and/or their importance in terms of economy as well as public health ( 43–47 ). The accession numbers of each genome can be found in supporting File S1 .…”