Serum pentadecanoic acid (15:0), a short-term marker of dairy food intake, is inversely associated with incident type 2 diabetes and its underlying disorders

Santaren, Ingrid D; Watkins, Steven M.; Liese, Angela D.; Wagenknecht, Lynne E.; Rewers, Marian; Haffner, Steven M.; Lorenzo, Carlos; Hanley, Anthony J.

doi:10.3945/ajcn.114.092544

Cited by 119 publications

(89 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…Foods characterizing the Westernized breakfast pattern in that study were also correlated with odd-chain saturated fatty acids in the present study (e.g., positive correlation with confectionaries and milk and dairy products but inverse correlation with alcoholic beverages). Our findings are also compatible with those linking odd-chain saturated fatty acids to cardiovascular disease [2, 19] and diabetes [3, 35, 36], the risks of which have been associated with leptin [10, 16–18] and PAI-1 [8, 13]. Specifically, Warensjö et al found a decreased risk of myocardial infarction among those who had high plasma levels of phospholipids, pentadecanoic acid (15:0), heptadecanoic acid (17:0), and the sum of these fatty acids [19].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Even- and odd-chain saturated fatty acids in serum phospholipids are differentially associated with adipokines

et al. 2017

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BackgroundSaturated fatty acids are generally thought to have detrimental effects on health. However, a recent study showed that even- and odd-chain saturated fatty acids had opposite associations with type 2 diabetes. Limited studies of Western populations examined the associations of circulating saturated fatty acids with adipokines, an important role in glucose metabolism.ObjectiveWe examined the associations of saturated fatty acids in serum phospholipids with circulating levels of adipokines among a Japanese population.DesignA cross-sectional study was conducted among 484 Japanese employees (284 men and 200 women) aged 20–65 years. The serum fatty acid composition in the phospholipid fraction was measured by gas-chromatography. Serum leptin, adiponectin, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), resistin, and visfatin were measured using a Luminex suspension bead-based multiplexed array. Multiple linear regression analysis was performed to assess the association between saturated fatty acids and adipokines, with adjustment for potential confounding variables.ResultsEven- and odd-chain saturated fatty acids were differentially associated with adipokines. Higher levels of even-chain saturated fatty acids (14:0 myristic, 16:0 palmitic, and 18:0 stearic acids) were associated with higher levels of resistin (P for trend = 0.048) and lower levels of adiponectin (P for trend = 0.003). By contrast, odd-chain saturated fatty acids (15:0 pentadecanoic and 17:0 heptadecanoic acids) showed inverse associations with leptin and PAI-1 (P for trend = 0.048 and 0.02, respectively). Visfatin was positively associated with both even- and odd-chain saturated fatty acids.ConclusionsThe results suggest that even- and odd-chain saturated fatty acids are differentially associated with adipokine profile.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Even- and odd-chain saturated fatty acids in serum phospholipids are differentially associated with adipokines

et al. 2017

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“…These FA were also negatively associated with incidence of T2D [15,35], which support the inverse association between dairy consumption and T2D in cohort studies [39].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 58%

“…Several studies also suggested that specific ruminant FA which cannot be synthetized by human body such as transpalmitoleic acid (trans 16:1n-7), pentadecanoic acid (15:0) and heptadecanoic acid (17:0) in plasma phospholipids [15,34], serum [35,36], erythrocyte membrane [37] or adipose tissue [36,38] may be used as biomarkers of dairy fat intake. These FA were also negatively associated with incidence of T2D [15,35], which support the inverse association between dairy consumption and T2D in cohort studies [39].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Natural Rumen‐Derived trans Fatty Acids Are Associated with Metabolic Markers of Cardiac Health

Silva

Julien²,

Pérusse

et al. 2015

Lipids

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Evidence suggests that industrial trans fatty acids (iTFA) impair lipid profiles while ruminant trans fatty acids (rTFA) may lower insulin resistance and blood pressure. The objective of this article was to determine if the plasma phospholipid percentage of rTFA is associated with a favorable cardiometabolic profile. We collected fasting blood samples from 200 individuals from Quebec city (QC, Canada) aged from 18 to 55 years old, including 100 obese (BMI ≥ 30 kg m(-2)) and 100 non-obese (BMI < 30 kg m(-2)) men and women. Fatty acid levels in plasma phospholipids were determined using gas chromatography. After separating the subjects into two groups, according to the median percentage of rTFA in plasma phospholipids, participants in the group with higher percentages of rTFA (0.86 ± 0.24 %) had higher adiponectin levels (p = 0.01) and a lower blood pressure (systolic, p = 0.005; diastolic, p = 0.04). In contrast, concentrations in plasma phospholipids of elaidic acid, a major iTFA, are positively correlated with glycemia in non-obese subjects (p = 0.01) and with both triacylglycerol (TAG) (p = 0.0007) and total cholesterol (TC) (p = 0.009) in obese subjects. These data suggest that rTFA may have beneficial effects on cardiometabolic risk factors conversely to their counterpart iTFA. Dietary sources of TFA should be taken into account in future cardiometabolic studies.

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“…Odd chain fatty acids (15:0 and 17:0) were not associated with impaired insulin sensitivity or insulin secretion. Evidence in earlier studies also suggests an inverse association of pentadecanoic acid 15:0 and margaric acid 17:0 with the risk of type 2 diabetes [15,28,32]. Odd chain fatty acids are found in milk fat and fish [33][34][35][36].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

Plasma fatty acids as predictors of glycaemia and type 2 diabetes

et al. 2015

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Aims/hypothesis Our aim was to investigate the fasting proportions of fatty acids and estimated desaturase and elongase activities in three different lipid fractions in plasma, phospholipids (PLs), cholesteryl esters (CEs) and triacylglycerols (TGs), as predictors for the worsening of glycaemia (area under the glucose curve in an OGTT [glucose AUC]) and incident type 2 diabetes in a 5.9 year follow-up of the Metabolic Syndrome in Men population-based cohort. Methods Fatty acid proportions were measured in plasma PL, CE and TG fractions in 1,364 Finnish men aged 45-68 years at baseline. The prospective follow-up study included only men who were non-diabetic at baseline and had data available at follow-up (n=1,302). A total of 71 participants developed new type 2 diabetes during follow-up.Results After adjusting for confounding factors, total saturated fatty acids, palmitoleic acid (16:1n-7), dihomo-γ-linolenic acid (20:3n-6) and estimated stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 and Δ 6 -desaturase (D6D) enzyme activities significantly predicted the worsening of glycaemia whereas total polyunsaturated fatty acid, linoleic acid (18:2n-6) and elongase activity predicted a decrease in the glucose AUC. Estimated D6D activity and dihomo-γ-linolenic acid (20:3n-6) were associated with an increased risk of incident type 2 diabetes. Results were consistent across the three different lipid fractions. However, fatty acid proportions in the PL and CE fractions were stronger predictors for glycaemia and incident type 2 diabetes compared with fatty acid proportions in the TG fraction. Conclusions/interpretation Selected fatty acid proportions of plasma lipid fractions and their ratios, which reflect desaturase and elongase enzyme activities, may be good biomarkers for the worsening of glycaemia and incident type 2 diabetes.

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Serum pentadecanoic acid (15:0), a short-term marker of dairy food intake, is inversely associated with incident type 2 diabetes and its underlying disorders

Abstract: Serum 15:0, a marker of short-term intake of this fatty acid, was inversely associated with diabetes risk in this multiethnic cohort. This study may contribute to future recommendations regarding the benefits of dairy products on type 2 diabetes risk.

Cited by 119 publications

References 54 publications

Even- and odd-chain saturated fatty acids in serum phospholipids are differentially associated with adipokines

Even- and odd-chain saturated fatty acids in serum phospholipids are differentially associated with adipokines

Natural Rumen‐Derived trans Fatty Acids Are Associated with Metabolic Markers of Cardiac Health

Plasma fatty acids as predictors of glycaemia and type 2 diabetes

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