Serum sodium and risk of hypertension: a cohort study

Hu, Huan; Eguchi, M.; Miki, Takako; Kochi, Takeshi; Kabe, Isamu; Nanri, Akiko; MacGregor, Graham A.; Mizoue, Tetsuya; He, Feng J

doi:10.1038/s41440-021-00797-w

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Sodium is widely accepted as a risk factor that increases blood pressure. 11 , 42 However, in recent studies, serum sodium was also found to be inversely associated with cardiovascular risk and mortality. 12 , 13 , 14 Sodium may have pleiotropic effects on the cardiovascular system and glucose metabolism.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Serum sodium level is inversely associated with new‐onset diabetes in hypertensive patients

Cheng

Liu

Cai

et al. 2022

Journal of Diabetes

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Background: Serum sodium level is associated with cardiovascular and endocrine health. Though decreased serum sodium is considered to be associated with reduced hypertension risk, some studies also found that it may increase the risk of diabetes. This study aimed to investigate the association of serum sodium with new-onset diabetes in hypertensive patients.Methods: Based on the annual health examinations from 2011 to 2016 in Dongguan City, Guangdong, China, hypertensive patients without diabetes at baseline were selected. Logistic regression and restricted cubic spline were used to evaluate the association between serum sodium level and new-onset diabetes. Subgroup analysis was also conducted.Results: A total of 4438 hypertensive patients with a mean age of 58.65 years were included, of whom 48.9% were male. During a median follow-up of 35.1 months, 617 (13.9%) of the subjects developed new-onset diabetes. Per 1-SD (3.39 mmol/L) increment of serum sodium was associated with a 14% lower risk of new-onset diabetes (odds ratio = 0.86; 95% CI: 0.78, 0.97; p = 0.01). The lowest quartile of serum sodium was associated with the lowest diabetes risk. The restricted cubic spline showed a linear inverse relationship (nonlinear p = 0.72). Across all the subgroups, the inverse association was consistent (p for interaction >0.05). Conclusion: An inverse association of serum sodium with new-onset diabetes in hypertensive patients was observed.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sodium is widely accepted as a risk factor that increases blood pressure 11,42 . However, in recent studies, serum sodium was also found to be inversely associated with cardiovascular risk and mortality 12–14 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serum sodium level is inversely associated with new‐onset diabetes in hypertensive patients

Cheng

Liu

Cai

et al. 2022

Journal of Diabetes

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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Elevated serum sodium is linked to increased amyloid‐dependent tau pathology, neurodegeneration, and cognitive impairment in Alzheimer's disease

Chen,

Wang,

Liu

et al. 2024

Journal of Neurochemistry

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Vascular dysfunction is implicated in the pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease (AD). While sodium is essential for maintaining vascular function, its role in AD pathology remains unclear. We included 353 participants from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI), assessing serum sodium levels, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and positron emission tomography (PET) biomarkers, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and cognitive function. An independent sample (N = 471) with available CSF sodium‐related proteins and AD biomarkers was also included. Associations between serum sodium levels and AD pathology, neurodegeneration, and cognition were evaluated using linear regression models. Spearman's correlation analyses assessed the relationships between CSF sodium‐related proteins and AD biomarkers. Higher serum sodium levels were associated with increased AD pathology, reduced hippocampal volume, and greater cognitive decline (all p < 0.05). The relationship between serum sodium and amyloid PET was evident in several AD‐susceptible brain regions, including the neocortex and limbic system. Individuals with high serum sodium exhibited higher tau pathology, lower hippocampal volume, and more severe cognitive decline per unit increase in amyloid PET compared to those with low serum sodium (all p < 0.05). Among the 14 CSF sodium‐related proteins, which were inter‐correlated, six were significantly correlated with CSF AD pathology and amyloid PET, while two were correlated with hippocampal volume and cognitive function, with sodium channel subunit beta‐2 (SCN2B) and sodium channel subunit beta‐3 (SCN3B) showing the strongest correlations. These findings underscore the crucial role of serum sodium in AD progression, highlighting a potential network of sodium dysregulation involved in AD pathology. Targeting sodium may offer a novel therapeutic approach to slowing AD progression, particularly by impeding the progression of amyloid‐related downstream events.image

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Serum sodium and risk of hypertension: a cohort study

Cited by 2 publications

References 21 publications

Serum sodium level is inversely associated with new‐onset diabetes in hypertensive patients

Serum sodium level is inversely associated with new‐onset diabetes in hypertensive patients

Elevated serum sodium is linked to increased amyloid‐dependent tau pathology, neurodegeneration, and cognitive impairment in Alzheimer's disease

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