Serum Triglycerides Are Related to Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) Stage 2 in Young and Middle-Aged Chinese Individuals During Routine Health Examination

Abstract

Background The aim of this study was to determine the risk factors for early chronic kidney disease (CKD) (GFR 60–89 ml/min/1.73 m 2 ; CKD stage 2) in asymptomatic Chinese individuals undergoing routine health examination. Material/Methods This cross-sectional study enrolled 9100 individuals who received voluntary medical examinations between 10/01/2011 and 09/30/2017. Demographic data, clinical history, clinical examination, medication, smoking, alcohol, blood biochemistry, urinalysis, and carotid ultrasound were extracted from the medical records. All laboratory analyses were performed routinely. Multivariable logistic regression for factors predicting CKD stage 2 was performed. Result A total of 9100 individuals were enrolled (age of 18–65 and 65.4% male). CKD stage 2 was found in 1989/9100 individuals (21.9%). Male gender (OR=6.711, 95%CI: 5.376–8.403, P<0.001), older age (OR=1.077, 95%CI: 1.068–1.086, P<0.001), hemoglobin levels (OR=1.051, 95%CI: 1.046–1.057, P<0.001), triglycerides levels (OR=1.174, 95%CI: 1.067–1.292, P=0.001), HDL-C (OR=0.539, 95%CI: 0.380–0.763, P<0.001), Lp(a) levels (OR=1.000, 95%CI: 1.000–1.001, P=0.03), and carotid atherosclerosis (OR=1.248, 95%CI: 1.005–1.550, P=0.045) were associated with CKD stage 2 among all subjects. Serum triglycerides levels were associated with CKD stage 2 in the 18–45 and 45–65 years of age subgroups. Conclusions Factors that are routinely assessed during routine health examinations (male gender, age, hemoglobin levels, triglycerides levels, HDL-C, Lp(a) levels, and carotid atherosclerosis) can help identify individuals at higher risk of having CKD stage 2. The Chinese dyslipidemia is characterized by high triglycerides and low HDL-C and occurs in young and middle-aged individuals. Those factors could help identify individuals at higher risk for CKD stage 2 and who could benefit from preventive treatments.

Risk Prediction for Early Chronic Kidney Disease: Results from an Adult Health Examination Program of 19,270 Individuals

“…The findings of the albumin (ALB) and fasting glucose level (GLU) are consistent with previous studies following Korbut et al [ 36 ] and Kshirsagar et al [ 37 ]. Similarly, Xue et al [ 38 ], Mahmood et al [ 39 ], and Kshirsagar et al [ 37 ] reported that triglycerides (TG), age, and gender are critical for prediction of chronic kidney disease. As suggested from our results, the main issue is how to predict CKD who are asymptomatic and who only undergo a routine adult health examination program.…”

Higher genetically predicted low‐density lipoprotein levels increase the renal cancer risk independent of triglycerides and high‐density lipoprotein levels: A Mendelian randomization study

“…Several studies have pointed out that lipids and apolipoproteins can be involved in the occurrence and development of renal diseases, such as chronic kidney disease and renal calculus. [13][14][15][16] Furthermore, a large population-based retrospective analysis has also indicated that higher serum TG levels in men are associated with a significant increase in the risk of kidney cancer. 17 An important histological feature of renal clear cell carcinoma is lipid droplet structures with large TG and other substances.…”

“…Associations between changes in serum lipid levels and changes in kidney disease have generally been found in observational studies. Several studies have pointed out that lipids and apolipoproteins can be involved in the occurrence and development of renal diseases, such as chronic kidney disease and renal calculus 13‐16 . Furthermore, a large population‐based retrospective analysis has also indicated that higher serum TG levels in men are associated with a significant increase in the risk of kidney cancer 17 .…”