Serum Vitamin D Level in Type 2 Diabetic Subjects: Relation to Glycemic Control, Insulin Resistance and Proinflammatory Markers

Abstract

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) is one of the most common diseases worldwide. Early diagnosis and management has a significant role in reducing complications. Vitamin D is a fat-soluble vitamin that showed important functions regarding calcium and phosphate homeostasis, immunity and insulin resistance. There is a well-established link between vitamin D level and type 2 DM. Objective(s): The aim of this study was to assess serum 25(OH) vitamin D3 level in type 2 diabetic subjects and to investigate its relation to glycemic control, proinflammatory markers and insulin resistance. Methods: The study included 60 type 2 diabetic subjects in the age group 40-70 years and 30 controls matched for age and gender. Pregnant females, renal, hepatic and cancer patients were excluded from the study. All participants were subjected to detailed history taking, anthropometric measurements including weight, height and waist circumference, full clinical examination and laboratory investigations including serum 25(OH)vitamin D3, FSG, HbA1c, serum insulin, and CRP.HOMA-IR was calculated using FSG and serum insulin values. Results: The mean serum concentration of 25(OH) vitamin D3 was significantly lower in type 2 diabetics compared to controls (2.91±4.20 ng/ml, 12.04 ±7.74 respectively) (p<0.001). There was a significant increase in BMI, WC, FSG, HbA1c, serum insulin, and HOMA-IR in type 2 diabetics compared to controls (p<0.05). A statistical significant negative correlation was found between 25(OH) vitamin D3 level and the following parameters: BMI (r=-0.584, p<0.001), WC (r=-0.233, p=0.027), FSG (r=-0.735, p<0.001), HbA1C (r=-0.387, p<0.001), HOMA-IR (r=-0.729, p<0.001), serum insulin (r=-0.272, p=0.010). Meanwhile, 25(OH) vitamin D3 did not significantly correlate with the proinflammatory marker CRP (r=-0.126, p=0.238). Conclusion Subjects with type 2 DM have low 25(OH) vitamin D3 level compared to healthy normal individuals. The negative association of 25(OH) vitamin D3 with glycemic control and its irrelevance to the proinflammatory markers suggest that vitamin D may be an important determinant in the pathogenesis of type 2 DM. Hence, cautious Vitamin D supplementation may have a therapeutic potential in prevention and management of Type 2 DM.

25-hydroxy vitamin D concentrations negatively correlated with HbA1c in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients: a cross-sectional study in Mampang, South Jakarta

“…This cross-sectional study recruited 100 patients with T2DM at Mampang District Puskesmas, South Jakarta, from June to July 2022 through consecutive sampling. The size of the required research sample was obtained using the formula for the correlation sample size, with Zα=1.96; Zβ=1.28; and r=-0.387 [6]. The inclusion criteria were as follows: men and women older than 18 years, not on insulin therapy, not having kidney and liver disease, not being pregnant or lactating, and not consuming vitamin D in the last three months.…”

Vitamin D levels in a population from Argentina with metabolic disorders

“…But these vitamins do not have biological activity and need to be activated through 2 hydroxylation reactions: in the liver producing 25hydroxy metabolites and in the kidneys producing calcitriol. 7 There is no agreed definition of vitamin D deficiency; however, most agencies internationally suggest that a serum 25-OH vitamin D (25-OHD) <12 ng/mL (30 nmol/L) represents a risk to bone health. Furthermore, according to vitamin D recommendations, serum 25-OHD concentrations between 12 and 20 ng/ mL (30-50 nmol/L) should indicate a risk of insufficiency/ deficiency for some members of the population and levels above 20 ng/mL (50 nmol/L) should consider sufficiency for almost everyone.…”