Serum Vitamin D Levels and VDR Polymorphisms (BsmI and FokI) in Patients and their Household Contacts Susceptible to Tuberculosis

Abstract

Vitamin D, an immunomodulator of macrophage function, can activate human antimycobacterial activity. Vitamin D deficiency (VDD) is associated with an impaired mycobacterial immunity and susceptibility to tuberculosis. It has been found that vitamin D and its receptor may be essential for immune function. In this study, we examined the serum 25(OH) vitamin D levels and its receptor (VDR) polymorphisms with susceptibility to tuberculosis in patients, household contacts and healthy controls. Serum 25(OH) vitamin D levels were measured in 75 cases (25 patients, 25 household contacts and 25 healthy controls), and polymorphisms (BsmI and FokI) were carried out in 335 cases (110 patients, 110 household contacts and 115 healthy controls). The proportion of serum 25(OH) vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency was high in patients (44, 58%) and household contacts (40, 48%) compared to controls (48%). The BB and Bb genotypes of BsmI were significantly associated in patients (P < 0.014; OR: 0.509; CI: 0.265-0.876) (P < 0.001; OR: 2.351; CI: 1.368-4.041) and household contacts (P < 0.04; OR: 0.575; CI: 0.336-0.985); (P < 0.002; OR: À2.267; CI: 1.32-3.895) when compared to healthy controls. The diplotype and MDR analysis showed the high-risk genotypes of BsmI and FokI polymorphisms. Vitamin D deficiency and its association with VDR gene polymorphisms may be useful to identify the high-risk group individuals.

Vitamin D receptor gene FokI, TaqI, BsmI, and ApaI polymorphisms and susceptibility to pulmonary tuberculosis: a meta-analysis

“…Deviation from HWE among controls implies potential bias during control selection or might be due to genotyping errors; however, excluding studies deviating from HWE did not affect our VDR polymorphism association results (Ates et al, 2011;Singh et al, 2011;Joshi et al, 2014), except for those related to the TaqI polymorphism in South Asians. It was difficult to correlate publication bias with the funnel plot, which is usually used to detect publication bias, as the number of studies included in the analysis was relatively small.…”

“…Multiple studies have examined the potential contribution made by VDR polymorphisms to PTB susceptibility, but the findings of these studies have been contradictory (Bellamy et al, 1999;Wilkinson et al, 2000;Delgado et al, 2002;Bornman et al, 2004;Liu et al, 2004;Roth et al, 2004;Chen et al, 2006;Babb et al, 2007;Olesen et al, 2007;Søborg et al, 2007;Banoei et al, 2010;Ates et al, 2011;Singh et al, 2011;Joshi et al, 2014). Individual studies based on small sample sizes have insufficient statistical power to detect positive associations and are incapable of demonstrating the absence of an association.…”

“…Thus, a total of 16 relevant studies were considered in this meta-analysis (Bellamy et al, 1999;Wilkinson et al, 2000;Delgado et al, 2002;Bornman et al, 2004;Liu et al, 2004;Roth et al, 2004;Chen et al, 2006;Babb et al, 2007;Olesen et al, 2007;Søborg et al, 2007;Merza et al, 2009;Selvaraj et al, 2009;Banoei et al, 2010;Ates et al, 2011;Singh et al, 2011;Joshi et al, 2014), comprising 3231 patients and 3670 controls in total (Table 1 and Figure 1). These 16 studies encompassed 5 studies from Africa, 4 from South Asia, 3 from the Middle East, 2 from East Asia, 1 from Southeast Asia, and 1 from South America.…”

Serum Vitamin D Level as a Risk Factor for Female Genital Tuberculosis (FGTB)

“…All of these functions are involved in the antimicrobial response to TB. Vitamin D insufficiency/deficiency is a worldwide, public health problem in both developed and developing countries [24]. Vitamin D deficiency is associated with many chronic diseases, such as cardiovascular disease, autoimmune disease, cancer and chronic infections, PCOS and this has been depicted in several previous studies [23].…”

Vitamin D receptor FokI gene polymorphism and tuberculosis susceptibility: a meta-analysis

“…Base on the inclusion criteria, 18 case-control studies with full-text were included in this meta-analysis (Wilkinson et al, 2000;Bornman et al, 2004;Liu et al, 2004;Roth et al, 2004;Lombard et al, 2006;Babb et al, 2007;Olesen et al, 2007;Soborg et al, 2007;Alagarasu et al, 2009;Merza et al, 2009;Selvaraj et al, 2003Selvaraj et al, , 2004Selvaraj et al, , 2009Zhang et al, 2010;Ates et al, 2011;Singh et al, 2011;Rathored et al, 2012;Joshi et al, 2014). These 18 case-control studies included a to tal of 3160 tuberculosis cases and 3619 healthy controls.…”